The Systems Development Life Cycle

A structure that a business uses to collect, manage, store, process, retrieve, and report financial data to accountants, consultants, high ranking corporate officers, or tax agencies is the prime definition of an accounting information system. Accounting information systems are responsible for every facet of numerical data in a company and a malfunction could potentially cause a disaster within the corporation. Accountants have different roles in working with accounting information systems including design, implementation, usage, and ownership.These rolls help accountants keep track of a company’s budget and other financial documents such as quarterly reports. Accountants also use the different information technology systems in a company to put together reports to persuade investors to keep their money in the company stock or persuade potential investors why placing their money in this company is a good financial decision. Thoroughly studying a large accounting information sys tem can be a very tedious job; for this reason, companies put together teams to analyze and handle the development work implementations to the different information technologies in a corporation.Systems study groups begin with a formal analysis of the technology in order to see what issues are present in the software or hardware, what implementations need to take place, and how to proceed with the repair or update. This step is known as the planning and investigation stage and is the first stage when determining the route to take when working with the specific company technology. After this preliminary stage, and the systems study group is chosen, the analysis stage takes place to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the particular unit.The next stage, known in the book as â€Å"design,† is when the systems study group determines how to precisely remove a system’s weaknesses while maintain the system’s strengths. If I was working on a project for a company, I would follow this exact model in determining how to gain optimal output from an information system. The final stage in the systems development life cycle is implementation, follow up, and maintenance and in this stage the company periodically checks on the information system to make sure it is still performing optimally.After making sure the implementation is properly installed, I would do a follow up examination every six months to make sure the system in functioning properly and to determine if further implementation needs to take place to update the system. After the implementation is successfully installed and has been followed up on, the new mission is to locate further challenges the corporation may face, whether it be dated information systems, or the data produced by the information system that affects the company such as budgets and quarterly reports.Challenges that may face a company include: loosing capital on technology that is not the most efficient for the corporati on, loosing capital on an unnecessary implementation or company investment, internal fraud, unseen information system malfunctions. When a system study group is formed and the steering committee, high ranking group of top managers that lead the project or projects, determines the best route for the study group to proceed, data should be gathered to properly assess the situation.The five sources of data come from reviewing existing documentation, observing the current system in operation, using open and closed ended questionnaires, reviewing internal control procedures, and interviewing the different participants who have either worked with the system being implemented or done a similar job in the past. The data gathering and data analysis process can effectively reduce the chance of possible future challenges for the company or information system.Any system that is outdated, costing the company more money than necessary or malfunctions needs to be replaced or implemented. If a syste m is outdated, competitor companies who have the same technology will update their systems and be at an advantage thus, if the corporation I was working for had outdated software, I would recommend an upgrade or replacement. Some system operations fees have the potential to bankrupt a company, especially if the technology is drawing a large amount of energy.Malfunctions cannot be tolerated because they are a threat to important company data and financial paper work. The information held on an accounting information system is extremely important and any loss of documentation would result for a copious amount of which would have to be carried out by managers in the human and production resources department as well as a tedious job for the company team of accountants and executives.

The Killer Angels

â€Å"The Killer Angels† written by Michael Shaara in 1974, published by Ballantine Books, is a story showing the courage and heroism of people involved in the Battle of Gettysburg that took place in 1863. The novel presents the battle in an objective manner, and does not take sides when displaying the position of the two armies on the subject of slavery. It is an outstanding book and is worth reading due to the presence of real characters. In other words, the characters have been brought to life and the audience not only gets to learn about the battle itself, but also about the views and opinions of the participants.One of the most interesting methods is how Shaara presents the narrative through the viewpoints of army personnel, which makes the events come to life. The results are well rounded characters, detailed imagery, and an objectivity that didn’t label either side as the hero. Michael Shaara first developed a passion for writing when he was in grade school. Afte r graduation, Shaara joined the armed forces where he served as a paratrooper for the 82nd Airborne Division, a seaman, and police officer.In 1951, he graduated from Rutgers University with a bachelor's degree and continued his educational process by engaging in some graduate work at Columbia University and the University of Vermont. After publishing many science fiction novels Shaara begin to take on larger project such as writing war novels. In The Killer Angels by Michael Shaara, vivid imagery, details, and insightful character development reveal the differences between the Union army and the Confederacy. These two armies have different causes for fighting, but the main cause for the war is slavery.This key issue sparked the war. The Confederacy is fighting for independence from the North, yet the Union is fighting for freedom and an end to slavery. The thesis of this novel in my opinion reads as, although we are soldiers that are highly trained and motivated war still is a const ant struggle in our everyday lives and the lives of our families. War is never easy and we engage in this job for the loyalty, courage, selfless service, duty, honor, integrity and personal courage to stand and protect this place we call home.The main point isn’t primarily focused on displaying the soldiers’ reasons for fighting the war, but Shaara wants to focus on the soldiers as individuals and how they cope with the stress of being in a war zone. At times, history books show the impact from such an objective point of view that the experience itself isn’t made easily understood by students or readers. Shaara gives life to the events and allows the audience to emotionally engage with individuals  involved in it by the arrangement of his powerful words.Providing us with a more personalized understanding of a war from which we are otherwise removed. The main values that Shaara personally incorporated was Selfless Service he took it upon himself to write at boo k specifically detailed to highlight a soldier’s point of view. Honor is another value outlined by Shaara the way that he states how the officers talk to the soldiers and explain how they can make a difference not only in the community that they live but in the world shows that both parties exhibit honor to be viewed as soldier whether union or confederate.Personally, I agree with the thesis outlined by this author because you never read in the history books or gain an understanding of the aspects of the soldier, the strain that they undergo or the risks that they take that can impact their lives. They do all of this not by placing self first, but the welfare of you the people. I understand because being a soldier is not easy you not only impact your self but the love ones around you, it really does take one dedicated individual to engage in this job as a soldier.

Is China a Threat to Indian Industry Essay

Renewable energy has huge potential to provide solution to increase energy crisis and it is the key factor to the future of energy, food and economic security, said participants at a seminar organized by greentech and Bengal National Chamber of Commerce and Industry. â€Å"We are a growing economy. So our energy requirement is also growing. But we don’t produce enough energy to meet even our current needs. With depleting fossil fuel reserves and concerns about its environmental impact, renewable energy is the only long-term solution,† said Bibek Bandhopadhyay, advisor at the ministry of new and renewable energy. At present, India’s installed power capacity is 2,10,645 MW with renewable energy contributing 26,900 MW or 12.4%. From various energy technologies, a capacity addition of about 30,000 MW has been planned during the 12th Plan period 2012-2017. The focus is now on mainstreaming renewable energy technologies so that it becomes cost-effective. Of this, 69% is generation from wind and 4.5% from solar. Incidentally, India was the first country to set up a ministry of non-conventional energy resources in the early 1980s. India is densely populated and has high solar insolation, an ideal combination for using solar power in India. Much of the country does not have an electric grid, so one of the first applications of solar power has been for water pumping, to begin replacing India’s 4-5 million diesel powered water pumps, each consuming about 3.5 kilowatts, and off-grid lighting. Some large projects have been proposed, and a 35,000 sq km area of the Thar desert has been set aside for solar power projects, sufficient to generate 700 to 2,100 GW. The Indian Solar Loan Programme, supported by the United Nations Environment Programme has won the prestigious Energy Globe World award for sustainability for helping to establish a consumer financing program for solar home power systems. Over the span of three years more than 16,000 solar home systems have been financed through 2,000 bank branches, particularly in rural areas of south India where there is no grid electricty. Launched in 2003, the Indian Solar Loan Programme was a four-year partnership between UNEP, the UNEP Risoe Centre, and the Canara Bank and Syndicate Bank. Announced in November 2009, the Government of India proposed to launch its Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission under the National Action Plan on Climate Change with plans to generate 1,000 MW of power by 2013 and up to 20,000 MW grid-based solar power, 2,000 MW of off-grid solar power and cover 20 million sq metres with collectors by the end of the final phase of the mission in 2020. Development of wind power in India began in the 1990s and has increased in recent years. Although a relative newcomer to the wind industry compared with Denmark or the US, domestic policy support for wind power has led India to become the country with the fifth largest installed wind power capacity in the world. As of December 2010, the installed capacity of wind power in India was 13,065.37 MW, mainly spread across Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Rajasthan, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala and West Bengal. Wind power accounts for 6% of India’s total installed power capacity, and it generates 1.6% of the country’s power. Every year, about 55 million tonnes of municipal solid waste and 38 billion litres of sewage are generated in the urban areas of India. In addition, large quantities of solid and liquid wastes are generated by industries. Waste generation in India is expected to increase rapidly in the future. As more people migrate to urban areas and as incomes increase, consumption levels are likely to rise, as are rates of waste generation. It is estimated that the amount of waste generated in India will increase at a per capita rate of approximately 1-1.33% annually. This has significant impacts on the amount of land that is and will be needed for disposal, economic costs of collecting and transporting waste, and the environmental consequences of increased MSW generation levels.

Obaid Al Slamis Career Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Obaid Al Slamis Career - Assignment Example Mr. Slami has a complete career in the banking sector and he started off as an assistant general manager. In the initial years of his career, he was a bit confused and sidetracked about the type of job to do in order to focus on one career. This can be inferred from the fact that first, he started off as a part-time as an assistant manager and then he changed his line to teaching accounting for about a good three years. This can also be stated as a positive aspect that the individual had a deep insight about the technical know-how through his experience as a part-time. The second added benefit is that he also had a good amount of knowledge about the facts and figures pertaining to the area of accounting through his teaching career. Mr. Slami is also somebody who has a pretty good knowledge of how different types of banks function because throughout his career he switched to many various types of banks. He has the experience of about three different banks. He has even worked as an auditor and finally ended up being the General Manager in an investment bank. Career development is a complete procedure of how an individual takes up a different variety of tasks, and roles to develop a set line of skills and experience. A career in terms of jobs is committing, yourself to a role physically and emotionally for a certain period of time. This time period is helpful in gaining an insight of the tasks carried out at a particular job and human developmental training. For this purpose, it is highly essential that the individual is focused, carrier oriented and be moving towards a level of self-actualization. The person mentioned in the resume takes the career as a structured pattern of activities that tend to create a path in one direction focused on one field of interest.  

LGBT clients Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

LGBT clients - Essay Example This is important considering language has a history of being used to oppress and discriminate the LGBT community. Moreover, every person has a right to live an entirely functioning and emotionally healthy life regardless his or her gender identity and expression. The importance of understanding the terminologies to use when addressing a LGBT client, does not only show respect but also contribute to LGBT client’s self acceptant and Council’s competence in handling LGBT clients. There are several advantages in understanding the language and terminologies as a LGBT councilor. The first advantage is that such knowledge help in creating a welcoming environment for the LGBT persons and people close to them by establishing a counseling space that affirms LGBT person’s identity (Burnes et al, 2009). For example, a councilor may intentionally have LGBT-positive magazine in his or her counseling office and waiting rooms. The second advantage could be acceptable language help achieve an open, informative and fruitful discussion with a client on their experience. By doing so the councilor is able to assist the client overcome any potential inbuilt negative attitudes of themselves and their loved ones. Third advantage is that constan t use of acceptable language ensures that the counselors’ own perception or knowledge about LGBT does not interfere with his or her work. Lastly, understanding the LGBT’s languages makes it possible to acknowledge the diversity among LGBT people. For example, LGBT persons from different race, age or religion will use different terminology to refer to the same thing. There are a number of terms that the LGBT persons generally prefer being referred to and those they term abusive. The firs term one should avoid when referring to LGBTs is homosexuals, instead, use words such as, gay people, lesbians, or gay man. This is because homosexual is a clinical term that tend to

Juvenile Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Juvenile Justice - Essay Example Detention hearing is required if a formal charge is filed. It is in this hearing where it will be decided whether the accused is to be released or detained until the preliminary hearing is held, and then the adjudicatory hearing in which guilt will either be established or not. And the next action will be taken, which is dispositional hearing, if found to have committed offense, during which the penalty will be handed down. In the case of diversion, the matter is diverted out of the system alternative programs which according to Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice include community service, counseling, restitution to victims, and academic programs (OJJDP, n.d.). Based on personal view, the process shown in the flowchart is fair, and there is the assurance that a juvenile is given due process. But in my opinion, diversion or informal action should be removed and incorporated after the dispositional hearing. This program would be incorporated with probation supervision. Three programs would still exist; however, Diversion would take the lead and would incorporate probation as one of its output programs. A juvenile is either guilty or innocent of the offense. The severity of the offense is the important consideration in meting out the punishment. There are just two directions to which the process points after dispositional hearing: correctional facility and residential and non-residential services. The changes in the process would eliminate redundancy and incorporates punishment only after the full process of the law is completed (Center on Juvenile and Criminal Justice,

Analyzing assignment details Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyzing assignment details - Essay Example When the business is expanding, it must take into consideration political concern of the surroundings in order to operate efficiently. The surrounding politics determine whether the company will continue operating or not. For example, when the company is expanding, it must consider such things as the environmental conservation and employment of the local people. If the company is expanding, but it is not given the local priority in employment, it might be faced with politics from the company (Nordhaus,2009). In fact, the local politics might force the company to close down if the pressure from the local people is unsustainable. Thus, for the company to be efficient after expanding in its operations, it must take into consideration the politics of the surrounding people. It needs to analyze the needs of those people for it to expand and operate efficiently. The economic status of the surrounding people also determines whether the company is expanding. For the painting company to grow, it needs to take into concern the economic status of its surrounding (Nordhaus,2009). If the surrounding people are poor, then the expansion of the company might be hard. The economic status of the surrounding determines the purchasing power of those people. It is thus important that the company analyze the economic status of the surrounding people before it expands its operations. Nordhaus,  W.  D., Kokkelenberg,  E.  C., & National Research Council (U.S.). (2009).Natures numbers: Expanding the national economic accounts to include the environment. Washington, DC: National Academy

How do the governments of the Communist East and the Capitalist West Essay

How do the governments of the Communist East and the Capitalist West perpetuate the Cold War - Essay Example Yet this perpetuation of the Cold War corresponds to the anticipation and autonomy to those subjugated in the East Germany and, on the other hand, the cruel existence of Communism to the Capitalist West. This particular transitional zone situates Alec Leamas, a spy of Britain coming up for the defection of one of his secret agents. The subjected man emerges over the border and seems to be set to make his 'run away' when, all of a sudden, he is chopped down in a bombardment of gunfires. Leamas is called again to London by his supervisor, Control (Cyril Cusack), anticipating him to be fired from his job. And then Control changes his mind to keep more Leamas in a Cold War. Though, Leamas is immediately started searching for a job and finally he got a tedious librarian job. With his only companion, whisky, for company, Leamas simmers in his own beliefs, buttressing the detestation not in favor of the British Secret Service. Nobody seems able to make a way into his shell (developed over the time when he was a secret agent) even though his associate librarian, Nan Perry, takes a predilection to him. Regrettably, Leamas beats up a storekeeper and finishes up in a lockup. Nan should like him nonetheless, and also the Leamas in return, since she congregates him on his liberation from jail. The interesting thing that took place is that, there is one more there to see his come back and he comes up to him in the park. Claiming to be from an aid organization which facilitates ex-convicts, Carlton (Robert Hardy) takes Leamas to a pricey lunch. This is completely gibberish for sure -- as a matter of fact it's an approach from the foe, inspecting a peeved previous secret agent and detecting if he'll defect. Leamas appears to undergo that he doesn't owe Britain anything and, rather grumpily, looks to believe (of course, by means of having the only purpose of wealth). After that Leamas circuitously moves towards Smiley's residence, for a get-together with Control. Everything turns out to be obvious Control sketches the plan, a deceitful and wicked endeavor to harm the reputation of the apex East German secret agent, Hans-Dieter Mundt. With eagerness, Leamas is rushed towards Holland for de-briefing by Fiedler, the second in power to Mundt. The bottom line of the arrangement is that Fiedler loathes Mundt and would wipe out him at all cost. By plummeting slight clues in his discussion with Fiedler, Leamas lets the spy to pencil in his own thoughts without so much delay - the unbelievable ability that Leamas has for spying and espionage, and his great understanding skills, embraces him in good stead as he intertwines a compelling story for Fiedler. Realizing the "certainty", Fiedler sent Leamas back to East Germany, where he looks forward to to overthrow Mundt in a closed trial and assessment. Leamas is an additional snag though since his persistence that Mundt couldn't have been a spy or espionage (he was leader of East German maneuvers and probably would have acknowledged). Fiedler still controls to induce an assessment however, completely influenced that Mundt is being disloyal to his State, and then the closed session starts on. It appears as though the court will rule alongside Mundt, ensuing in his carrying out, in anticipation of his defense representative presents an unforeseen and unanticipated

Organization Needs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Organization Needs - Assignment Example â€Å"Wishes† are different from needs as they basically refer to desires, which are sought to meet an end product. â€Å"Means & Methods† is a technique through which a result can be produced (Kaufman, Rojas, & Mayer, 1993). Kaufman has underlined three basic level of needs: Mega level, which identifies a gap at the societal level, Macro level, which identifies a gap at the organizational level, and Micro level which is concerned with gaps within individuals or groups. The following case study is an example of a consultant who identifies an organizational need of Micro and Macro level. The company, Farradaw Solutions has been providing bespoke solutions through establishing road tunnels, and rail tunnels etc. The company faced challenges when the CEO introduced a new restraining clause in the employment’s contract. Employees started showing resisting behavior and they did not readily accept the change. Frustration grew among employees and even the most competent workers were showing unreasonable behavior and the organization progress started to decline. At this point, the personnel manager took initiative made changes in the organizational set-up but the results were still devastating. She asked a consultant to identify the gaps. The need analysis identified by the HR consultant affirmed that people resisted sudden change, showed ambivalent behavior (Kaufman, Watkins, & Leigh, 2001) when the new clause was introduced. Hence, the basic need, which was identified, was to arrange meetings to make the employees aware of the new changes in the company through ef fective communication so that they understand the reason why the clause was introduced in contracts and to carry out stress management programs for employees who are showing frustration due to pressures at

Oakland, Illinois - a Typical American Town Statistics Project

Oakland, Illinois - a Typical American Town - Statistics Project Example The ethnic composition of the Oakland city is 98.20% Whites, 1.20% African American, 0.50% Native American, and 0.10% from other races. Latino or Hispanic of any race was just 0.90% of the entire populace (American Towns 1). The mean income for a family unit in the metropolis was US$ 38,167, and the mean income for a household was US$ 34,038. Men have a mean income of US$ 29,342 against $20,577 for women (American Towns 1). The â€Å"per head† income for the metropolitan was $15,964. Roughly 8.8% of households along with 10.8% of the population were underneath the poverty line, comprising of also 20.2% of those below age 18, as well as 7.6% of those above the age 65 (American Towns 1).The city, which was platted, in 1833, is a very small, like most, with a post office, high priced grocery stores, and gas stations being the majority of businesses. The filling stations mostly cater to travelers who pass by to fill their vehicles although the town citizens are also frequent clien ts. The city has a total of five grocery stores. The only good thing concerning these grocery stores is that they sell food, which is produced from the state alone. Oakland is one of those towns where everyone knows everyone, and there are no secrets between individuals. It can, in reality, be a good thing when everyone knows you, but also a bad thing when everyone is in your business. It takes away the privacy of someone. Another thing that can be seen in Oakland is the small schools and also the small classroom sizes. Even if, the populace of the town is small, at least the government should consider increasing the size of their classrooms in order for their children to learn properly. These classes feel literary like confinement (American Towns 1).

Swan Ice Arena Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Swan Ice Arena - Case Study Example Swan Ice Arena is an indoor ice rink that primarily catered to hockey groups. However, in the recent months, the manager, David Swan has opened the ice rink for public skating. Even though public skating was supposed to increase the revenues for Swan but at this point Swan has been unable to profit from the venture despite heavy investment in making the rink public. Public attendance in the rink is low despite Swan’s best effort. Swan has noticed that families and young children visit the area during the weekends and young couples are more eager to visit the rink during Fridays. However, Swan cannot limit the rink to these groups for specific days since he realizes that young children also visit during Fridays. The presence of young children during couple days discourages the couples to visit more often. At this time, Swan is unable to increase the visits and thus revenues have not increased for him despite his investments on the rink.  Swan Ice Arena is an indoor ice rink t hat primarily catered to hockey groups. However, in the recent months, the manager, David Swan has opened the ice rink for public skating. Even though public skating was supposed to increase the revenues for Swan but at this point Swan has been unable to profit from the venture despite heavy investment in making the rink public. Public attendance in the rink is low despite Swan’s best effort. Swan has noticed that families and young children visit the area during the weekends and young couples are more eager to visit the rink during Fridays. However, Swan cannot limit the rink to these groups for specific days since he realizes that young children also visit during Fridays. The presence of young children during couple days discourages the couples to visit more often. At this time, Swan is unable to increase the visits and thus revenues have not increased for him despite his investments on the rink. Evaluating the situation, a few recommendations could be made. Swan would bene fit by limiting Fridays for young couples by restricting the age limit to 14 years. Even though at this point of time, young couples do not visit the area much but when the place becomes known as a couple hangout joint, more people would be willing to visit and revenues would definitely increase. Since Generation Y that Swan at this time is trying to cater relies on word-of-mouth promotion (Perreault and Mc Carthy), Swan would benefit from it. Also Swan could allow these young couples to make song requests so that they are able to participate more fully in the area.

Recruitment Documentation Essay Example for Free

Recruitment Documentation Essay In this assignment I am going go through how and what companies do when they are hiring people and what candidates need to do to get their job. I am also going to describe the recruitment documentation used in a selected organisation. The selected organisation I am doing is Tesco. When companies are looking for recruitments, firms produce two documents to hire people; one document is the Job Description. The job description includes responsibilities, duties, who responsible to, whom responsible for, working conditions and more. The job description makes it clear to the candidate. The second document is a Person Specification. A person specification is profile of the employee, this includes; skills, qualifications, experience, circumstances, disposition etc. The next thing firms do when looking for someone to recruit is put out a job advertisement, this could be on their local, they could also advertise their jobs in store, in a business that helps people get jobs, newspaper, magazines, media and more. A job advertisement includes their name, pay, location, to whom the position reports. This is when the employee comes to the company and they will then ask for applicants, this is by a CV or application form. An application form contains personal detail, space for qualification, experience, why you want the job, referee and criminal declaration. After filling in an application form the company then send the potential applicant a job description, personal spec and an app form. The applicants then send a completed form (with cover letter) or CV, this is then sent to the company. When the company receive all the application they then do shortlisting – this is when they narrow them down by matching with job description and select them for an interview. Once this is done the company then sends the invitations letter for the interview and sometimes a rejection letter (but this hardly happens). They interview with 6 or less applicants, when interviewing they are sometimes 2 or 3 people (someone from the HR or someone from another department). While interviewing they m ight make notes. The company then sends out letter to successful applicant, they also send out a contract, 2 copies. The contracts include holidays, pay, condition, dress code, safety. On this page it includes the job specification telling the applicant what they are looking for in this job. â€Å"The Blueprints are the inputs for Store Planning to develop Development Store plans. The Proposition Blueprint Manager is the custodian of the customer experience in stores throughout the shopping trip. Four days a week will be spent in the office with the other day spent out on sites and in competitors ensuring we are at the forefront of customer innovation.† The recruitment documentation for Tesco is very simple. It is very similar to how I have explained above; you first apply for the specific job role. If they have fo0und your application interesting, they will then call you in for an interview. Once the interview is done and they think you meet the criteria, they will then send you a letter/email telling that you have succeeded; if you have not succeeded they will send out a rejection letter/email. Once you have accepted the job they will then talk about your contract, this including, your pay, how many hours you work, dress code, holidays etc. Once you have signed this contracts you will be ready to start working for Tesco.

David Copperfield Analysis

David Copperfield Analysis Introduction to the background, Charles Dickens and his work- David Copperfield Charles Dickens, the most popular writer of the Victorian age, was born near Portsmouth, England, in 1812 and he died in Kent in 1870. When his father was thrown into debtors prison, young Charles was taken out of school and forced to work in a shoe-polish factory, which may help explain the presence of so many abandoned and victimized children in his novels. As a young man, he worked as a reporter before starting his career as a fictional writer in 1833. In his novels, short stories and essays, Dickens combined hilarious comedy with a scathing criticism of the inhuman features of Victorian industrial society. Many of his novels Great Expectations, A Christmas Carol, Oliver Twist, etc., have been made into first-rate TV and film versions. David Copperfield is the story of the narrators life from early childhood to adulthood. In it, David describes all the obstacles he had to overcome in order to acquire peace of mind and economic stability. Review of the literature David Copperfield Plots The story begins with the widowed Clara Copperfield awaiting the birth of her first child. She receives a surprise visit from her husbands aunt, Betsey Trotwood, who insists the child will be a girl, and should be named after her. The child is, in fact, a boy, and she leaves, greatly disappointed. The boy who is born is David Copperfield, the protagonist. His early years are happy, as he lives with his mother and her housekeeper Peggotty, but when Clara falls in love with Edward Murdstone, Davids life takes a turn for the worse. When David is sent off with Peggotty to Yarmouth to spend a few weeks with her brother, he meets Emily, his first love, and her cousin Ham, both of whom are under Mr. Peggottys care. When he returns, he finds that his mother has married Murdstone. Murdstone is a harsh, cruel man who beats David and browbeats Clara into submission with the help of his sister Jane. After David resists Murdstones harsh treatment, he is sent off to Salem House, a miserable school under the oversight of Mr. Creakle, a brutal and incompetent master. There he meets Steerforth and Traddles the first a hero to the youthful David, though completely unworthy of his admiration, and the second a kindly and cheerful boy who will become a lifelong friend. After a semester at Salem House, David receives word that his mother and her newborn son had died, and he returns home. It is obvious that the Murdstones want nothing to do with him. Peggotty is fired as housekeeper, and she marries the coach-driver Barkis and moves back to Yarmouth. David, meanwhile, is sent to work in a factory in London at the age of ten. He hates his job and feels that the men and boys around him are beneath him, though he gains some consolation from the Micawber family, with whom he lodges. Micawber is an incompetent optimist, totally incapable of handling money, but constantly certain that something will turn up. When the Micawbers leave London, David runs away from the factory and walks across the country to Dover, seeking shelter from his eccentric great aunt Betsey Trotwood. She takes him in and adopts him, refusing the claim that the Murdstones stake to him, and he lives happily with her and her feeble-minded friend Mr. Dick. She then sends him to Canterbury to the school of Dr. Strong, a capable and kindly instructor. While in Canterbury, he lodges with Mr. Wickfield, who is Betseys lawyer, and meets his daughter Agnes, who becomes his dearest friend. He also encounters Wickfields clerk, the simpering and hypocritical Uriah Heep, who h ides behind a mask of humility. Potential trouble looms on the horizon as we observe that Wickfield drinks too much, and that Dr. Strongs very young wife Annie may be too fond of her cousin Jack Maldon. When David completes school, he again encounters Steerforth. The two of them visit Yarmouth, where David introduces Steerforth to his friends the Peggottys. By this time, Ham and Emily are engaged, but Steerforth notices the lovely Emily. He acts in a friendly manner toward the Peggottys and becomes popular among the townsfolk, but inwardly despises them as his inferiors. When David returns to London, he pursues a career as a law clerk, and becomes reacquainted with his old friend Traddles, who is now studying to become a lawyer. David accepts employment a Spenlow and Jorkins, and soon falls in love with Spenlows daughter, the lovely but weak Dora. He courts her secretly, but when he declares his intentions, Spenlow denies his permission. Shortly thereafter, Spenlow dies and Dora is given into the care of her elderly maiden aunts. Meanwhile, David hears that Barkis is dying and returns to Yarmouth. While he is there, Barkis dies, but the greater tragedy is that Emily, despite being engaged to Ham, has run away with Steerforth to become a lady. Daniel Peggotty vows to spend the rest of his life, if necessary, to find her. When David calls on Mrs. Steerforth, she insists that she will never allow her son to marry Emily, and will disown him if he tries. To her way of thinking, the whole thing is Emilys fault for seeking to rise above her status in societ y. Her companion, Rosa Dartle, who has long been in love with Steerforth, flies into a jealous rage. David, no longer able to work at Spenlow and Jorkins, takes a job as secretary to Dr. Strong, while Micawber has become a clerk at Wickfield and Heep (Uriah has insinuated himself into the business by blackmailing Wickfield, and has been named a partner). David soon marries Dora. Though they love each other dearly, it soon becomes obvious that she is totally helpless as a homemaker, and is intellectually unsuited to her husband. David, meanwhile, becomes a newspaper reporter, writing about the debates in Parliament, and ultimately a famous novelist. Meanwhile, Steerforth has cast Emily aside and tried to give her to his manservant Littimer. Emily runs away and finds her way to London, where she encounters Martha Endell, a fallen woman whom she had helped many years before. Martha tips off David and Mr. Peggotty, and Emily is reunited with her foster father, who plans to take her to Australia, where her shame is unknown. With the help of Micawber, Traddles, Betsey, Mr. Dick, and David, Uriahs perfidy is exposed and his attempt to marry Agnes is prevented. In gratitude, Betsey offers to finance a trip to Australia for the Micawbers, who decide to emigrate along with Daniel Peggotty, Emily, Daniels boarder Mrs. Gummidge, and Martha Endell. Betsey also regains her home in Dover, which was thought to have been lost through the machinations of Heep. Ultimately, both Heep and Littimer wind up in jail because of fraud and theft, respectively. Following a miscarriage, Dora dies. Meanwhile, Ham is killed in a terrible storm off the Yarmouth shore; ironically, the man he dies trying to save is Steerforth, who is also killed. Peggotty, now left alone, becomes the housekeeper for Betsey, while David travels abroad for three years to assuage his grief. When he returns, he inquires about Agnes, and his aunt leads him to believe she has an attachment. David is convinced that he has ruined any chance he had of gaining Agnes love by treating her like a sister for all these years and seeking her advice when courting the objects of his many romantic attachments. When questioning Agnes about herattachment, it soon becomes obvious that he is the object of it. The two profess their love and soon marry, living happily ever after. main characters David Copperfield The protagonist of the novel, Davids father dies before his birth, and his mother follows when he is still quite young. He is treated badly by his stepfather Mr. Murdstone and her sister. They send him to work in a factory at the age of ten. He later runs away to live with his great-aunt, from whence he goes to school, becomes a law clerk, then a court reporter, and finally a famous novelist. Among the many loves of his life, he marries Dora Spenlow, who dies a few years later, then Agnes Wickfield. Clara Copperfield Davids mother, a kind but weak-willed woman who is dominated by her second husband and dies shortly after the birth of her second child. Clara Peggotty The Copperfields housekeeper, she is unfailingly kind and loyal to David. She marries Barkis, lives for a while in Yarmouth, and later becomes Betsey Trotwoods housekeeper after Barkis dies. Edward Murdstone Clara Copperfields second husband, he is cruel and harsh to both David and his mother. He beats David after he resists his harsh treatment, sends him off to a pitiful school, then makes him work in a factory. Jane Murdstone Edwards sister, she assists her brother in completely breaking the will of Clara Copperfield. She later becomes the hired companion of Dora Spenlow. Mr. Barkis A kind cart-driver who transports David on many of his childhood journeys, he uses David to communicate his marriage proposal to Peggotty, who finally accepts him. Daniel Peggotty Peggottys brother, he is fisherman in Yarmouth. He is a widower who adopts his niece Emily and his nephew Ham after their parents die, and takes Mrs. Gummidge, a widow, into his home. He gives up everything to search for Emily after she goes astray, and, after he finds her, immigrates to Australia with her and Mrs. Gummidge. Emily Peggotty Little Emily, a beautiful young girl, is Davids first love. Because of her desire to rise above her station in life and become a lady, she runs off with Steerforth instead of going through with her planned marriage to her cousin Ham. After years of disgrace living abroad, she returns to London, where her uncle finds her and takes her off to Australia. Ham Peggotty Daniels nephew and Emilys cousin, he is a fine, simple young man who wants nothing more than to marry Emily and live the life of the sea. When Emily runs off with Steerforth, he recklessly throws himself into every rescue party that is required at Yarmouth, and finally dies in a horrendous storm. Ironically, the man he swims out to save is Steerforth, who also dies in the tempest. Martha Endell A young Yarmouth woman who has fallen into immorality, she is treated kindly by Emily, and plays a key role in helping Daniel to find Emily after her own fall. She, too, emigrates to Australia, where she later marries. themes David Copperfield, probably because it is partly autobiographical, was Dickens own favorite among his novels. Whereas he usually concentrates on a specific social problem, which becomes his main theme, here the theme is personal. In David Copperfield he attempted to come to terms with the trials and humiliations of his childhood and youth, writing as a man who had overcome his humble beginnings and become the most successful novelist of his time. Davids life does not directly reflect Dickens life, but important incidents that had left a lasting impression on him are reproduced with little alteration. Dickens was taken from school at the age of 12 when his father was committed to the debtors prison, and put to work in a relatives factory, like David (p.20). Shortly afterwards, when his father received a legacy that set him free, this also allowed the boy to resume his education. Dickens pictures his father in David Copperfield as the eternally optimistic, improvident Mr. Micawber, but he told his biographer, Forster, that he had never forgotten the humiliation of working in the factory, or forgiven his mother, who thought he should go on working. In the novel, the angelic mother of Davids early childhood is replaced by the harsh, cold Miss Murdstone. The second main theme of the novel is that goodness has nothing to do with social position, and social position is too often equated with wealth. Here again, Dickens personal experience was relevant. As a poor young shorthand writer, he had fallen in love with the daughter of a banker, whose father sent her abroad to keep her out of Dickens way, as Mr Spenlow plans to do with Dora. Spenlows attitude towards David changes when Davids aunt loses her money. When he says I thought you were a gentleman he implies that being a gentleman is a matter of money, not of being a gentle man, as David is. This tendency to equate money and social position with virtue corrupts characters judgment and behaviors. The proud rich boy, Steerforth, could have been a good man but has been spoilt by an indulgent mother. Consequently, he looks down on poor fishermen, ignoring their human qualities, and takes advantage of Emily (ruins her in the language of the time) but will not marry her. In contrast, Ham, the humble fisherman who loved Emily, dies trying to save him. At the other end of the social scale, envy of others social position leads Uriah Heep, who always emphasizes that he is humble, to cheat Mr Wickfield and dream of marrying Agnes. David himself is not corrupted. From the beginning, he judges everyone on their merits, refusing to accept that people are inferior because they are poor. 3. Definition a semi-biographical novel A semi-autobiographical novel is loosely based on the experiences of the authors own life. A semi-autobiographical novel may be written to protect the privacy of the authors family, friends, and loved ones; to achieve emotional distance from the subject; or for artistic reasons, such as simplification of plot lines, themes, and other details. Charles Dickens and David Copperfield A lot of critics think of David Copperfield as Dickenss autobiographical novel. To read David Copperfield is to understand Dickens, which will further deepen the understanding of Dickenss other works. David Copperfield is regarded by many as the authors masterpiece. Dickens began to write David Copperfield in l849. David Copperfield was thus produced under such constructed and well planned writing, which, added special dramatic affect to the stories. Autobiographical elements in David Copperfield include Dickens experience working in a factory as a child, reflections on his fathers influence in his life (Micawber is largely based on Dickens father), his work as a newspaper reporter writing on the debates in Parliament, his development as a novelist (the book is written in the first person by a writer looking back on his formative years), and his experiences in matters of the heart. Near the end of his career, Dickens admitted that, of all the children he had produced, he loved David Copperfield the most. 4.1 similar life experiences between David and Dickens David Copperfield is presented more formally as a semi-autobiography, beginning with the protagonists birth. Like Dickens, David was born on a Friday, Because of illness. Little Dickens could not take part in boys game. He liked to read books while other boys were playing outside ¼Ã… ½Dickens always read books in his fathers library ¼Ã… ½In his novel, 1ittle David also liked to read books in Davids fathers library. Dickens worked as a child labor pasting labels onto bottles. David had the same experience after his mother was dead. In Dickenss career, he had to be first a law clerk, then a reporter and finally a successful novelist. In the book of David Copperfield David had carried the same career, even the same order. Davids complex character allows for contradiction and development over the course of the novel ¼Ã… ½David also displays great tenderness, as in the moment he realize his love for Agnes for the first time. David, especially, as a young man in love, could be foolis h and romantic. This is very same to Dickens himself. As he grew up, he developed a more mature point of view and searched for a love who will challenge him and help his grow ¼Ã… ½David fully matured as an adult when he expressed the sentiment that he valued Agness calm tranquility over all else in his life. Any sense of self-importance is immediately deflated however by the digressively self-deprecating humor of the opening (which recalls Tristram Shandy at times) and by the narrators desire for his life to speak for itself (which recalls chapter one of Roderick Random). Throughout this novel we sense Dickenss delight in experimenting with what was for him a new narrative method, and in the opening chapter he demonstrates that working within established literary conventions he can produce a more effective mingling of humor and pathos than any of his predecessors. The first touch of pathos is when David shifting briefly forward in time recalls the indefinable compassion he felt for his fathers grave in the churchyard when our little parlor was warm and bright with fire and candle, and the doors of our house were almost cruelly, it seemed to me sometimes bolted and locked against it. This is typical of the novel in that the narrator recalls the ingenuousness of his younger self with a gentle irony that only serves to highlight the sensitivity of the child. In chapter two this effect is reinforced by the often startling immediacy of the present tense (also adopted in four subsequent retrospective chapters). Here Dickens reveals the radical otherness of the childs perception of the world (in the added alertness of certain senses and different awareness of the emotional and physical proportions of things); the anxieties that accompany that perspective (David is even afraid that Mr Chillip must feel unhappy about a church tablet saying that physicians were in vain, and the underlying buoyancy of youth that reduces the duration of any painful thoughts (almost Immediately afterwards he thinks what a good place the pulpit would be to play in). Dickens is particularly subtle in his mingling and contrasting of the points of view of the youthful protagonist and mature narrator. 4.2 Similar flirtatious disposition between David Copperfield and Charles Dickens 4.2.1 David Copperfields Flirtatious Disposition David Copperfield, articled to the proctors office of Spenlow and Jorkins in London, fell in love with Mr. Francis Spenlows only daughter Dora at first sight, and got engaged to her. He wrote to Agnes, the lawyer Mr. Wickfields only daughter and Davids adopted sister in Canterbury (Ch. 39), informing her that Dora was such a darling and was very blest; but he, while writing so, remembered Agness clear calm eyes and gentle face (Ch. 34). He, it may be considered, is neither devoted to Dora nor single-minded in his affections. When David suddenly learned that that his great-aunt Miss Betsy Trotwood, who was his guardian, was ruined, he told Dora that he was a beggar, asking her if her heart was still his. Oh, yes, its all yours, cried Dora, though in a childish way (Ch. 37). She, it could be said, was simple-hearted, generous and gentle. Mr. Spenlow, when told by David of his engagement with Dora, would never accept it; but he was to die soon. David visited Agnes and told her of his troubles, kissing her hand, which she had given him looking up with such a Heavenly face! After discussing their worries, David said, Much more than sister! and Agnes parted by the name of Brother (Ch. 39). David and Agnes, it could be considered, trust each other affectionately. How would Dora feel, we wonder, if she looked on this sight? Dora, introduced by David to Agnes, found her too clever and was afraid of her. She asked David, what relation is Agnes to you? No blood-relation, but we were brought up together, like brother and sister, replied he. Dora said, I wonder why you ever fell in love with me? (Ch. 42). Dora, surely, did know of his flirtatious disposition and she could have left him forever, but she did not. As for David, he himself chose and married Dora, who was a Fairy, a Sylph (Ch. 26), not Agnes, who had a very placid and sweet expression and was her widower fathers little housekeeper (Ch. 15). Soon David often quarreled with Dora over trifles. He said, Dora, my darling! No, I am not your darling. Because you must be sorry that you married me, or else you wouldnt reason with me! returned she. Dora, it is clear, was seeing a shadow of Agnes behind him. However, after such altercations, Dora reflectively told him she would be a wonderful housekeeper, polishing the tablets, pointing the pencil, buying an immense account-book, etc., though the figures would not add up. Now David was beginning to be known as a writer, and his child-wife, as she asked him to call her, was trying to be good (Ch. 44). It might be considered that at this moment David should have said, Dora, my darling, I love you cordially and am very happy; even if you are not good at housekeeping and figures, you should not mind it at all because you are earnestly endeavoring to be good; as you know, I too am a boyish husband as to years (Ch. 44). David, without saying such things, tried to form Doras mind, but in vain, remembering the contented days with Agnes (Ch. 48), he even considered that his own heart was undisciplined when it first loved Dora, and that there could be no disparity in marriage, like unsuitability of mind and purpose. His own heart, it can be suspec ted, was even now undisciplined because he would have been attracted by Agness clear calm eyes and gentle face more than by Doras efforts to be good; he can be regarded as flirtatious, not as devoted. Such being the case, he was much happier in the second year, the year that Dora fell ill (Ch. 48). She, with nothing left to wish for, wanted very much to see Agnes, not her two spinster aunts, adding that she always was a silly little thing and too young not merely in years but in experience, and thoughts, and everything, and that she had begun to think herself not fit to be a wife to her very clever husband. She died leaving Agnes a last charge that only Agnes would occupy this vacant place (Chs. 53 and 62). Was Dora silly or not fit to be a wife? By no means! Though she might have been childish and poor at housekeeping and figures, she was blessed with many respectable and lovable virtues; for example, she did not abandon David as a beggar, nor desert him despite her fathers will and Davids suspicious relationship with Agnes. She tried earnestly to be a good wife, accepted Agnes and Davids cleverness without defying them, looked down humbly on herself as silly and immature, and left her husband with Agnes foreseeing her death. How serious, benign, gentle and sympathetic! On the other hand, David, even though very clever, was obviously flirtatious, intolerant, and cold-hearted. He should not have introduced Dora to Agnes; far from it he should have broken off his relation with Agnes in choosing Dora, should have expressed his gratitude to her for her not abandoning him and for her trying to be good, should have been generous to her faults as Dora had been to his. He should have known tha t he had much of the responsibility for her feelings of insecurity when she said, I was too young and you are very clever and I never was (Ch. 53). After Doras death, David set out to travel to Europe, and mourned for [his] child-wife, taken from her blooming world, so young. He tried to be a better man, thinking that he might possibly hope to cancel the mistaken past, and to be so blessed as to marry Agnes (Ch. 58). Whether or not he marries her, it can be said, depends on him, but he would have to humble himself and repent, not merely cancel, the mistaken past or his flirtatious mind. He returned home after three years, and confided to Agnes, I went away, dear Agnes, loving you. I stayed away, loving you. I returned home, loving you. How inconsistent! He had said that he mourned for Dora when going away! As for Agnes, she replied, I have loved you all my life (Ch. 62). How would Dora feel if she lived to hear the conversation? Dora, it may be considered, should have left David when she first met Agnes; it might have been because of Agness covert love for him that Dora was afraid of her! Within a fortnight David married Agnes, after which she confided to him Doras last request and last charge as mentioned above, and they wept together but they would not imagine with what feelings Dora had died; also, David did not utter any words of remorse and repentance for having been unable to make Dora happy (Ch. 62). Ten years after the marriage, they had three children, and David had high income and renown as an eminent author. At this happy home, Dora was not talked of at a ll (Ch. 63). It can be concluded that David was a man of a flirtatious disposition for which reason he lacked complete devotion to Dora. As will be discussed, that very disposition was also Dickenss at that time. 4.2.2 Dickenss Flirtatious Disposition Dickens had been looked upon as a very Joseph in all that regards morality, chastity, and decorum as Reynoldss Weekly News wrote on 13 June 1858 (Letters 8: 745n.). He had been accepted as such a man publicly but was rather flirtatious-minded in his private life; in this section it will be revealed how flirtatious Dickens was. Dickens was a serious Christian-minded man, but naturally he was a man in the sense that there is no man that sinneth not (1 Kings 8: 46; 2 Chron. 6: 36; see also John 8: 37, etc.). He was rather flirtatious; as he said, not so long after his marriage, to his wife Catherine, if either of [us] fell in love with anybody else, [we] were to tell one another (Storey 96), and he did show an archly flirtatious attitude towards congenial girls and women of his acquaintance (Slater, D W 122). Six of the girls and women are taken up below. First, there was Mrs. David Colden, daughter of a banker of New York, wife of a lawyer and philanthropist of New York, and fourteen years Dickenss senior, with whom Dickens became acquainted during his first visit to America in 1842. Dickens was deeply in love with her, and wrote a love-letter to her (Slater, D W 122; Letters 3: 30n., 160, and also 242 and n, 219-20). Second, there was Eleanor Emma Picken, a lithographer and a winner of the Societyof Arts silver Isis medal in 1837, by whom Dickens was attracted. He flirted with her on the pier at Broadstairs on an evening in September 1841: Dickens seemed suddenly to be possessed with the demon of mischief; he threw his arm around me and ran me down the inclined plane to the end of the jetty till we reached the tall post. He put his other arm around this, and exclaimed in theatrical tones that he intended to hold me there till the sad sea waves should submerge usà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.I implored him to let me go, and struggled hard to release myself. (Slater, D W 115) Third, there was Christiana Jane Weller, a beautiful eighteen-year-old concert pianist in Liverpool, for whom Dickens conceived an incredible feeling in 1844 (Slater, D W 88-89; Letters 4: 53n., 55, etc.). Fourth, there was Madame Emile de la Rue, wife of a Swiss banker, resident in Genoa, whose nervous disorder Dickens began to treat with his mesmerism from 23December 1844 with so much fascination as to make Catherine very unhappy. This continued for a period of years afterwards (Schlicke 375; Letters 4: 243 and n, 534n.; Letters 5: 11n.; Letters 7: 224 and n). Fifth, there was Miss Anne Romer, actress and singer. Dickens performed with her, on 20 July 1848, the farce of Used Up, in which Dickens played the bored hero Sir Charles Coldstream, and she played his lover Mary. In Act II, Sir Charles, who is in distress, asks her to say, you love me. She replies, Love you! Then he seizes her in his arms, and kisses her; they marry at the plays end (Thomson 46-49; Letters 5: 362n.). Two days after the play, Dickens wrote a letter to Mrs. Cowden Clarke, member of his Amateur Theatricals: I have no energy whateverI am very miserable. I loathe domestic hearths. I yearn to be a Vagabond (i.e. as Coldstream, disguised as a ploughboy, is called by Farmer Wurzel in Act II). Why cant I marry Mary! [. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ] I am deeply miserable A real house like this, is insupportable after that canvass farm wherein I was so happy (i.e. Wurzels farm). What is a humdrum dinner at half past five, with nobody (but John [i.e. CDs servant John Thompson]) to see me eat it, compared with that soup [i.e. the pea-soup that Coldstream is given by Mary in Act II], and the hundreds of pairs of eyes that watched its disappearance! (Letters 5: 374 and n; emphases added) In this quotation there can be read not only Dickenss flirtatious mind but also his loathing for domesticity. In the letter of 13 January 1849 quoted below, he even shows his dislike for Catherine: My Dear Mrs. Clarke. I am afraid that Young Gas [i.e. Dickenss name as manager of the Amateur Theatricals Company in 1848] is forever dimmed, and that the breath of calumny will blow henceforth on his stage management, by reason of his enormous delay in returning you the two pounds non forwarded by Mrs. G. [i.e. Catherine]. The proposed deduction on account of which you sent it, was never made. But had you seen him in Used up, His eye so beaming and so clear, When on his stool he sat to sup, The oxtaillittle Romer near c c you would have forgotten and forgiven all. (Letters 5: 476 and n; emphases added) Sixth, there was Miss Mary Boyle, daughter of Vice-Admiral the Hon. Sir Courtenay Boyle, second son of the 7th Earl of Cork and Orrery; she was a distant cousin of Mrs. Watsons and a miscellaneous writer and renowned amateur actress, whom Dickens first met at the Watsons Rockingham Castle on 27 November 1849. On the 29th he and Boyle played, as part of the house-party entertainments in the Hall, Sir Peter Teazle and Lady Teazle from Sheridans The School for Scandal, and also acted, from chapter 41 of Nicholas Nickleby, some scenes of the mad neighbours [i.e. Dickenss] throwing a shower of vegetables to Mrs. Nickleby [i.e. Boyle] to display his affection (Letters 5: 662 and n; Boyle 231-32; Ackroyd 606). On November 30 Dickens wrote a letter to Mrs. Watson: Plunged in the deepest gloom, I write these few words to let you know that, just now, when the bell was striking ten, I drank to H.E.R. [i.e., Mary Boyle]! adding a picture of a heart shot through by Cupids arrow (Letters 5: 663). Three days later he sent to Miss Mary Boyle a parody by him of Grays Elegy in a Country Churchyard, inspired by Mary Boyles graces in the Rockingham Castle Amateur Theatricals (Letters 5: 665 and n, 708-09), part of which is as follows: No more the host, as if he dealt at cards, Smiling deals lighted candles all about: No more the Fair (inclusive of the Bards) Persist in blowing all the candles out. ______ No more the Fair prolong the cheerful tread Of dancing feet until the lights low burn: No more the host, when they are gone to bed, Quickly retreats, foreboding their return. (Letters 5: 708) Mary Boyle joined in his theatricals on 15 January 1851 at Rockingham Castle, where she acted Mary, the lover of Sir Charles Coldstream, again played by Dickens in Used Up (Letters 6: 163n., 225 and n, 261n.; Slater, D W 404). Dickens wrote a joking, flirtatious letter, based on the play in which he disguised himself as a ploughman, to her on 25 December 1852: My own darling Mary. [. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ] you ant no cause to be jealous for all that I am certain beforehand as I shall a Door her O Mary when you come to read the last chapter of the next number of Bleak House I think my ever dear as you will say as him what we knows on as done a pretty womanly thing as the sex will like and as will make a sweet pin

History Of The British Raj History Essay

History Of The British Raj History Essay The name of the period of British colonial rule in South Asia between the years 1858 and 1947 is British raj. The region, called India included areas administered by the United Kingdom. The princely states were ruled by individual rulers under the paramountcy of the British Crown. The political union was officially called the Indian company after 1876. It issued passports under that name. The result of this change was that it was a founding member of the League of Nation and the United Nation. Furthermore it was a member nation of the Summer Olympics in the years 1900, 1920, 1928, 1932, and 1936. When the rule of the British East India Company was transferred in the person of Queen Victoria, the system of governance was instituted. When the British Indian Empire was portioned into two sovereign dominion states, the Union of India and the Dominion of Pakistan, it lasted until the year 1947.   In the year 1937 the province of Burma became a separate colony. This province was located in the eastern region of the Indian Empire. Moreover it gained independence in the year 1948. The Geographical extent of the Raj India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh over all these regions the British Raj extended. At various times it included Aden Colony, Lower Burma, Upper Burma, British Somaliland, and Singapore. Only one region was directly administered by the British Crown from 1937 until independence in the year 1948. This region was Burma. In 1802, Ceylon was ceded to the United Kingdom under the Treaty of Amiens. Ceylon was never part of British India, but it was a British Crown Colony .The British having fought wars with the kingdoms of Nepal and Bhutan. They signed treaties with them. Also they were recognized by the British as independent states.  Ã‚   This map shows the British Indian Empire and surrounding countries in the year 1909. The meaning of The Raj The Raj is the name of the British rule in India. This expression was derived from the Sanskrit term raja. The meaning of raja is king. For long time, until after 1858 the term did not have official meaning. But many years before that, it was in popular usage. Many British merchants made a fortune in India and they return home, because they were derided by those in British high society as nabobs. Nabobs was the title for an official under the Moguls. The British public was fascinated by the tales of life in India. They liked exotic Indian scenes, for instance a drawing of an elephant fight.   This drawing appeared in books published in London in the 1820s.   Raj means rule. This word is of Indian languages. British Raj means rule by the British in India. The Republic of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh and Burma were all part of the British Indian Empire. At that time, it was known as the Indian Empire and sometimes now spoken of as the British Raj, which is a term of history. This rule was before 1947. The British Raj is used to talk of the direct British rule over areas which had been conquered by the British. This is known as British India. Undivided India is another term. It is used to mean the whole area of British rule. It does not take in Burma. From 1937 Burma was a British colony on its own. The colony of Aden came under the same government in India. It came from 1858 to 1937.Furthermore the British Somaliland came under the same government from 1884 to 1898 and Singapore from 1858 to 1867. Today Somaliland is called Somalia. The British rule ended in Pakistan and the East Bengal region on 14 August 194. Later the British rule ended in the rest on 15 August 1947. Jammu and Kashmir had not been under direct British rule. Over this area India and Pakistan have gone to war, and it is not divided between them. The beginning of the Raj In the year 1858, the British Crown was established in India. A century of control by the East India company ended. The life and death struggle cost  Ã‚   36 million. It is variously referred to as the Great Rebellion, the Indian Mutiny or the First War of India Independence. The nature of politic, social and economic rule was marked by the consequences of this bloody rupture. The Raj never encompassed the entire land mass of the sub-continent. Over 560 large and small principalities independently governed Two-fifths of the sub-continent. During the rebellion, some of whose rulers had fought the British, but with whom the Raj now entered into treaties of mutual cooperation. The Great Rebellion did more to create a racial chasm between ordinary Indians and the Britons. This social segregation endure until the end of the Raj. On the one hand the British criticized the divisions of the Hindu castle system, on the other hand they lived a life ruled by precedence and class. Rudyard tried to reflect this position in his novels. His books show the gulf between the white community and the Anglo-Indians. The mixed race caused them to be considered racially impure/ unclean. The sources   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Raj   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://history1800s.about.com/od/thebritishempire/tp/indiatimeline01.htm     Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/british/modern/independence1947_01.shtml   Ã‚  Ã‚   http://www.drake.edu/artsci/PolSci/ssjrnl/2001/nunn.html How did the British Raj influence India? The British Raj was the result of the Victorian erais infusion of British liberal philosophy in colonial policy and social governance. Liberal-minded principles of economics, social responsibility and military administration permeated British legislative and imperial rule as clearly as in the British Administration of the Indian subcontinent. Furthermore the British made positive contributions to Indian life. But the colonialism never brought positive consequences to India. The British crown inherited over 750,000 square miles of Indian territory, when the British Crown took over direct control from the East Indies Company in the year 1857. The British tried to extend their control throughout the region. In the opinion of the Crown, they felt obligated to support the long list of treaties the East Indies Company had made with numerous Indian Princes and regional rulers. India was carved into more than 600 sovereign territories in the sub-continent, because the British government honoured these agreementsThese native states possessed British advisors. The large British provinces, for instance Punjab, Bengal and Assam had British Governors. They reported to the imperial viceroy of India, who in turn reported to Parliament and the monarch in London. This amalgam of colonial control and tradition feudalism reflected the regional and local disunities of India. Moreover it deepened the regional and local disunities of India. Other rejected and repelled them wholly, although certain parts of the sub-continent adopted and promoted the contributions of the colonial era.    GRATIS fà ¼r alle WEB.DE-Nutzer: Die maxdome Movie-FLAT!  Ã‚  Ã‚   Jetzt freischalten unter http://movieflat.web.de

War and Peace Essay: The Importance of Sonya -- War Peace

The Importance of Sonya in War and Peace Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace speculates deeply about history, religious life and human brotherhood. Most readers focus on the characters of Natasha, Prince Andrew, and Pierre. Another character named Sonya, who is an orphaned cousin, is staying with the Rostov family. Sonya is overshadowed by the other characters, however, she is vital to the rounding out of the other characters in the novel. The people she loves most take her life of commitment and sacrifice for granted. The reader is thus also inclined to give little emphasis to her role in their lives and in the novel as a whole. As someone who has essentially nothing, Sonya is willing to give everything she has to those she loves. She gives of herself willingly and thanklessly. This life of sacrifice truly embodies Sonya's generous character. This genuine nature of her character allows her to reveal so much about those with whom she interacts throughout the novel. With Sonya's seeming "simplicity" in the background, Tolstoy fully develops the characters of Natasha and Nicholas. He uses Sonya as a contrast for his heroine, Natasha, and also as a chart of growth for Natasha's brother, Nicholas. Tolstoy even uses Sonya as a contrast to Princess Mary. Here, if one looks deeper, one will find that there is very little contrast at all between the two women. Most importantly, Sonya is an illustration of society's effects on a poor selfless young girl who puts her needs below those of all others. Tolstoy employs Sonya's character in a variety of situations. Without Sonya, a great deal of his novel's depth and richness would be lost. Sonya is first introduced as Count Rostov's fifteen-year-old niece who ... ... all. Just as the characters in the novel never really appreciate all that Sonya does for them, the reader puts very little emphasis on all that Sonya does to enhance the entire novel. Sonya serves as a truly reflective mirror to Natasha who "never needed to sacrifice herself, but made others sacrifice themselves for her and yet was beloved by everybody"(903). Sonya's presence also helps the growth of Nicholas and reveals a great deal about the society in which she lives. The importance of Sonya's character to War and Peace is immense, yet overshadowed by characters deemed more "important" than she. Sonya tends to be put in the background of this novel as she is put in the background of the lives of those whom she loves. Without her Leo Tolstoy's novel would greatly diminished. Leo Tolstoy, War and Peace, Book of the Month Club, Inc., New York.

Four Noble Truths :: essays research papers

I. Life is filled with suffering due to our desires to want things to be different. II. Self-centered craving causes the of suffering of imbalance. III. In order to bring an end to suffering one must bring an end to self-centered craving. IV. The way to cease craving is to follow the Eight Fold Path. 1. Right View See things as they truly are without delusions or distortions for all things change. Develop wisdom by knowing how things work, knowing oneself and others. 2. Right Intention Wholehearted resolution and dedication to overcoming the dislocation of self-centered craving through the development of loving kindness, empathy and compassion. 3. Right Speech Abstinence from lies and deceptions, backbiting, idle babble and abusive speech. Cultivate honesty and truthfulness; practice speech that is kind and benevolent. Let your words reflect your desire to help, not harm others. 4.Right Action Practice self-less conduct that reflects the highest statement of the life you want to live. Express conduct that is peaceful, honest and pure showing compassion for all beings. 5. Right Livelihood Avoidance of work that causes suffering to others or that makes a decent, virtuous life impossible. Do not engage in any occupation that opposes or distracts one from the path. Love and serve our world through your work. 6. Right Effort Seek to make the balance between the exertion of following the spiritual path and a moderate life that is not over-zealous. Work to develop more wholesome mind states, while gently striving to go deeper and live more fully. 7. Right Mindfulness Through constant vigilance in thought, speech and action seek to rid the mind of self-centered thoughts that separate and replace them with those that bind all beings together.

Untraditional Students Essay -- Education College Adults Learning Essa

Untraditional Students "What can a college education offer me?" Contemplating a return to school after years of childrearing and paid labor is both daunting and invigorating. Entering college as an adult is a life-changing decision. It requires shifts in perception that jar us out of the familiar patterns of our lives. The American Association of Colleges & Universities (AAC&U) reports that the enrollment of adults aged 25 and above has risen dramatically over the past two decades. Adult students now make up 42 percent of all college graduates. What motivates these students? What do they hope to gain from their college educations and what do they actually receive? For many returning students, the motivation is economic. We have heard over and over again that the world is changing, that we are entering the information age, that being in possession of knowledge--and a degree--are the keys to open any door. Some students know just what door they want to walk through. They enter college with a career chosen and a degree plan carefully mapped out. For others, the future is less certain. We aren't sure what we want to do, but we see college as the pathway into "the good life." Sometimes this faith in the economic reward of higher education is naive. Once upon a time a college degree did carry with it a high probability of eventual economic success. A bachelor's degree in almost any field was a guarantee of a good job. The belief that a college degree equals economic security is planted deep in our cultural psyche and hangs on with tenacious roots. We believe this component of the American Dream even as it erodes around us. With corporate downsizing, restructuring, and conglomeration, job security is muc... ...rough the whole program?the time pressures, the deadlines, the whole process. I found that I could actually accomplish something." J. William Fulbright, scholar and U.S. senator, wrote that the goal of education is "the teaching of things in perspective, toward the purposes of enriching the life of the individual, cultivating the free and inquiring mind, and advancing the effort to bring reason, justice, and humanity into the relations of men and nations." On the one hand, statements such as these may seem impractical, idealistic, and unattainably high. On the other hand, we want these things in our lives. Human beings need purpose and meaning just as we need shelter and food. The task for any student, and particularly for non-traditional ones, is to synthesize these often disparate needs into a whole that suits the circumstances of our individual lives. Untraditional Students Essay -- Education College Adults Learning Essa Untraditional Students "What can a college education offer me?" Contemplating a return to school after years of childrearing and paid labor is both daunting and invigorating. Entering college as an adult is a life-changing decision. It requires shifts in perception that jar us out of the familiar patterns of our lives. The American Association of Colleges & Universities (AAC&U) reports that the enrollment of adults aged 25 and above has risen dramatically over the past two decades. Adult students now make up 42 percent of all college graduates. What motivates these students? What do they hope to gain from their college educations and what do they actually receive? For many returning students, the motivation is economic. We have heard over and over again that the world is changing, that we are entering the information age, that being in possession of knowledge--and a degree--are the keys to open any door. Some students know just what door they want to walk through. They enter college with a career chosen and a degree plan carefully mapped out. For others, the future is less certain. We aren't sure what we want to do, but we see college as the pathway into "the good life." Sometimes this faith in the economic reward of higher education is naive. Once upon a time a college degree did carry with it a high probability of eventual economic success. A bachelor's degree in almost any field was a guarantee of a good job. The belief that a college degree equals economic security is planted deep in our cultural psyche and hangs on with tenacious roots. We believe this component of the American Dream even as it erodes around us. With corporate downsizing, restructuring, and conglomeration, job security is muc... ...rough the whole program?the time pressures, the deadlines, the whole process. I found that I could actually accomplish something." J. William Fulbright, scholar and U.S. senator, wrote that the goal of education is "the teaching of things in perspective, toward the purposes of enriching the life of the individual, cultivating the free and inquiring mind, and advancing the effort to bring reason, justice, and humanity into the relations of men and nations." On the one hand, statements such as these may seem impractical, idealistic, and unattainably high. On the other hand, we want these things in our lives. Human beings need purpose and meaning just as we need shelter and food. The task for any student, and particularly for non-traditional ones, is to synthesize these often disparate needs into a whole that suits the circumstances of our individual lives.

Balancing Penn Foster Sudies Essay

This process analysis essay is going to go through examples and talk about different ways to work around your life demands. At the same time of living your life with all the demands life hands you. Also being able to accomplish your goals for your career you are working towards. Balancing your life with your school studies. Balancing school and your life can be difficult. So to start off I’m going to give some examples of different strategies to try to accomplish your goals. First of all you could write out a schedule. Second examples of when your work is here it can sometimes get in the way of your school work, But as soon as you’re done with work then you have family. So if you spend time with the family then you’ll be able to do school work. Or you could do your school work around the time the kids take their naps or when they are playing or watching cartoons. So there are ways you can do your school work you have to stay focused. To balance school with work is it depends on your schedule where if you had time to work on it before you go to work or after you off work. Well to top it off if you were a single parents not working at the time and you were just going to school then you would be able to get a lot accomplished. Well your family is very important and you got spend time with them and make sure everything is organized. And life will be great when everything is in order. And if you weren’t working you could get your kids to do stuff like there homework and be able to do your work at the same time. Also, if I had to show what I do during the day it would be getting up in the morning. Second, would get ready for the day. If your child had day care or school you could take them over there for a couple of hours even though you didn’t have to work but you go to school online you would be able to get things accomplished while they were gone. And still be able to accomplish the demands of your family. So in conclusion, to sum everything up would to statagies your life and be able to get your demands in life in order as well as keeping up with your studies. So as long as you stay on task you will be able to do everything that you need to do to stay organized.

Locating Topics of Interest

fixture Topics of Interests Sam Johnson Northeastern university Are young-bearing(prenominal) College Athletes pressured Into dysfunctional take in disorder to malting supple forcible features? Female bookman athletes bring forth a dual roll in severe to maintain schoolman and acrobatic excellence while in college. These athletes ar expected to perform at the highest acrobatic level possible, and then asked to sustain their strong-arm appearance. For some pistillate college athletes, such concerns and pressures whitethorn contribute to eat disorders or humiliated alimentation behaviors (Greengage et al. 009, IPPP).I believe effeminate schoolchild athletes shouldnt feel pressured into complying with society needs, by save ignoring their own. Greengage, C. , Petrel, T. A. , Carter, J. , & Reel, J. J. (2009). Female collegiate athletes prevalence of eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors. Journal of Ameri after part college Health, 57(5), 489-495. Athletes, a nd how burden issues whitethorn play a contributing part to this disorder. The authors will identicalwise observe the pistillate savant athletes surroundings, which may play a major manipulation in how these assimilators identify themselves as existence oer w octet which loud head up to unhealthy dieting.Further much, the authors will monitor the affable capacity of these female educatees athletes while trying desperately to pull back pounds for their team or individual sport. The authors have decided to put on the Questionnaire for Eating Disorder Diagnosis (Greengage, Petri, Carter, and Reel, 2009, IPPP) cutaneous senses it gives more precise forgets than other questionnaires. The stack will use approximately dickens hundred female disciple athletes who record in collegiate team or individual sports, from the southern region of America.Several questions pertaining to weight management, and certain types of eating miscues female scholar athletes may or may not formula effortless, due to self dissatisfaction with their physical appearance. The questionnaires revealed over fifty portion of the female assimilator athletes were disappointed with their current fittingness status. In addition al approximately cardinal percent thought they need to lose a signifi providet amount of heap in order for them to feel entire just about themselves.Approximately twenty percent of the female savant athletes disclose they overindulge in eating more than four to half-dozen months, and over twenty- eve percent revealed that drill at least two hours daily to maintain a fit physique. well-nigh one fourth of the female school-age child athletes admit to having a serious eating disorder and would like to receive sustain to resolve their negative weight encounter issues, but due to the negative pressures well-nigh them to stay fit, most of the female athletes ancestry prey to some type of eating disorder.Do college student athletes have the stren gth to sincerely yours succeed in an academician environment? College student athletes must Juggle practice and classroom assignments daily, and do the best they can to study for test without any rest. learner athletes have always carried a pass judgment of being single-minded, narcissistic individuals who concentrate only on their athletic career (Chem.., Mason, Middleton, and Salary, 2013). scholar athletes must be stipulation the luck to prove with the proper study time, they can achieve the same succeeder as any other student.Chem.., S. , Mason, N. , Middleton, S. , & Salary, W. (2013). An examination of behavioral data and testing scores as indicators of student-athletes academic success. KEEPERS journal, 51(1), 34-42. The author examines the attitudes and statistics of student athletes and their academic performance and motives while in college. Chem.. Et al. employment the reports on how often do student athletes research class materials, go to class, and accede i n class lectures.The author explores the perceptual constancy between student athletes performing at the high athletic levels and achieving academic success. Middleton, and Salary, 2013, pep), which cover the basic inquires desired by the authors. around one hundred ninety student athlete applicants were contemplateed, which approximately sixty-eight percent of them were male and thirty-two percent were female. The survey also covered a student athletes grade level, nationality, team sport partnership and what academic year was it for them.The authors revealed as wide as student athletes didnt exceed more than twenty hours a week in athletic activities, each athlete had the ability to balance both athletic and academics. Furthermore, student athletes fell short academically when overworked in their team sport, and not given plenteous time to study. These findings defend the idea that student athletes only go to college to participate in team or individual sports. It shows when given the proper time to study student athletes can accomplish the same success as regular education students.University coaches must encourage student athletes to achieve academic success first without consequence for deciding to become a scholar first. Do College Student Athletes have manoeuvre bother which can lead to manoeuvre addiction? Gambling is a habit most individuals cant handle, especially when discussing regular university students or student athletes. Gambling among student athletes represents a multilateral problem ( elongate et al. 08, IPPP), it is not a racial or certain gender addiction, this is a problem that could have young adults with thousands of dollars in debt. Elongated, S. , Jacobs, D. , Deterrents, J. , Guppy, R. , & Passes, T. (2008). Gambling behavior among college student-athletes. Journal of utilise Sports Psychology, 20(3), 349-362. The authors investigate the possible serious romp problems among male and female college student athletes. Elonga ted et al. Explores the competitive nature of student athletes, and how gambling could lead to more dishonest practices by student athletes.In addition the authors examines the reasoning skunk student athletes gambling, could this be a result from student athletes not having enough resources in college which directs them to take a chance on gambling. Elongated et al. Determined to receive exact results decided to use the 2003 NCAA National moot on Collegiate Sports Wagering and Associated Health-Risk Behaviors (Elongated, Jacobs, Deterrents, Guppy, and Passes, 2008). The survey stock over twenty thousand participants, with nigh sixty percent male student athletes and forty percent female student athletes.The study asked over 100 questions about gambling habits, the amount wagered, who were you betting on and what type of gambling plots do you like to participate in. The authors revealed that over fifty percent of the participants admitted to gambling the year before, over eight percent admitted to gambling every week, and over three percent admitted they had real gambling issue. There were various of the male and female student athletes disclosed, it really didnt matter what game they played, Just as long as it was a gambling game for revenue.

Supply, Demand and Diversity Factors in the Workforce of Australia

Education needs to be accessible to click all so as to create a very comprehensive and diverse social work force.If the number or mix of staff are forget not sufficient or not meet the requirements, the careful search for external information is required. Theses additional information can be obtained through the intranet, policy documents, divisional reports logical and etc.The beginning is made a list of current employees to identify foreseeable future skills. This analysis includes an audit of direct current skills of each employee.Strong growth was recorded in quite a few service-based industries.For how this reason the skills shortage and staff rapid turnover still are being a problem. People great need to feel purposeful and valued about where the organization is going. The companies need to create strategies to retain preventing their talent and this is the main feature deeds that ensures competitiveness, much more than material resources, financial and technological. The A NZ bank has a supply first intensive with over 15.

Gain in third grade and the quantity of the workforce increases speed of rapid growth that is financial.Using (not just repeating) the labour supply available data or demographic and economic data: explain how try this data will be used to forecast only human resources supply within ANZ Bank Australia. The only Human Resource Planning will be affected according to the higher level of business development.If the company is starting now, the HRP good will hire only candidates with skills that sustain the military operations of the company. But if the company is growing, the HRP good will focus on the hiring of experts.Demand for teachers is on the upswing.Today this military strategy is being implemented in Asia and the Pacific. industrie ANZ bank seeks to avoid redundancies. 3. Balancing adequate Supply and Demand Considerations Review of diversity in the Australian workforce – how would this affect/apply to industrie ANZ Bank Australia.

The labour market can be quite competitive.An example that expresses this problem is start with receptionist position because over half 54% of administration logical and office staff a new job and it how have proven that receptionist are the most unhappy. This present position is easily filled and employers don’t have to invest in these staff, even the reception staff are the face of an organisation. The challenge has been also finding other people who are prepared to develop their skills logical and match the current needs of the companies.The qualities that private employers are looking for today in other candidates are: resilience, strong leadership, ability to hide seek ways to remain competitive from a business development economic standpoint and the ability to be more productive start with limited resources.Successful recruitment strategies will want to get devised if there is an organization short of skilled workers to make it to the company objectives.The big bus iness also provides domestic partners with benefits.

second One of the benefits of boomerang workers is they do not urgent need a comprehensive orientation andre already acquainted with the providers culture.The common use of talent analytics increase.If done well, workforce economic planning raises productivity, cut labor expenditures logical and dramatically cut time-to-market since youll have the amount of people start with the abilities at the ideal moment.If a supplier is likely to satisfy based its forecasted talent needs action plans need to be implemented.

Paper cut

Dynasty, subject dresss thrust a coterminous affinity with the bespoken activities and the turn (5). hatful be appargonnt to bewitch frolic so that thither ar loads of swordplays in that layover of time. For instance, The romance of The westmost chamber Rid) is iodine of the drama in yuan dynasty. sight ordinarily cut exit piece into several(predicate) characters with desktop consort to the drama for diametrical social functions, they whitethorn make out them or use as decoration. During exploit and baron Dynasty, wall musical composition cuts befit vulgar among average large number, subject cuts ar reciprocal to discover in divers(prenominal) festivals such(prenominal) as free fall festivals and drama.On the early(a) hand, news report card publisher cuts be astray utilize in decorating the indoor(prenominal) crash of the palace. The base cuts designs imply Dragon, Phoenix, and Bat, and these designs argon employ to garment the c eilings of the dorm and the walls of the corridors . Up to now, account cuts is losing its bil permit in the society, people be unintentional to move in the inheritance of idea cuts. muckle accordingly learn less opportunities to give way this variety of syndicate ruse scarce they equable hindquarters lift publisher cuts at grizzly laces and virtually traditionalistic buildings.Traditionally, women and girls in the countryside corroborate to issuing in head of reservation fancywork, let alone, the authorship cuts. This is employ to be a deal that either women must(prenominal) discern how to do in their life. It veritable(a) uses this deceitfulness to bring up whether the bride is corking or bad. any year, they usually reside severalise in the devising embroidery later on the harvest-festival period, temporary hookup they shake up throw overboard time, they get out expire doing paper cuttings in line of battle to do conceptualisati on for the orgasm year. These paper cuts are utilize to prettify the windows

The Criminal Responsible for the Deaths of Romeo and Juliet

In the eld of old, a beggar was a adult male to be see and adore for his blood with God. wholly the same in that location was the periodic retainer of the cleric that would step this commodious fuck saturnine of evaluate and ingestion it to triumph his wishes. A main piece presented in Shakespe bes The cataclysm of Romeo and Juliet, beggar Lawrence, is genius of these untrus deucerthy beggars. He is, distrustlessly, trusty for the ends of the Romeo and Juliet as a forget of existence in both case cranial orbitionate, homophileipulative, and deceiving.As a end point of macrocosm wishwise nailionate, mendi lott Lawrence makes blossoming decisions and is undoubtedly to blame for the disaster of Romeo and Juliet. For instance, when Juliet discovers that she has no superior provided when be unify to genus Paris, the mendicant attempts to puff her by precept that he already knows her sadness / It strains him historic the compass of his wits. / He hears she must, and postal code whitethorn hedge it, on thorium succeeding(a) be conjoin to County Paris (IV. i. 47-50). friar Lawrence proves to be a sincerely yours commiserationate person, as sh avouch with the practice session of the over avouchment recent the compass of his wits. disrespect the intend posit-off make by the beggar, this magnification proves itself to be neat, by and by in the play, when mendicant Lawrence makes umpteen unable(p) plot of lands that hardly adopt the star-crossed whaprs enveloping(prenominal) to their finishs. The purpose of mendicant Lawrences blessing is shown, superstar time more than(prenominal), when Romeo threatens to pop himself by and by successfully destination the he machination of the Capulet, Tybalt. The mendicant chides Romeos barbarous unthankfulness and explains that the change prince hath morose that melanise intelligence activity ending to banishment (III. iii. 24-29).The friars proclaim promissory n ace toward the lightened punishment ca roles Romeo to consider victorious his own support and keeps him live. How of all time, this grace of guardianship Romeo alive b arely leads to Juliets dying by and by Romeo regains his hope to gobble up himself and succeeds in doing undecomposed that. in that respect is no doubt that mendicant Lawrence has compassion, nevertheless the intensifier compassion leads to blossoming decisions, lastly finish the lives of Romeo and Juliet. on with an total compassion that proves to be detrimental, beggar Lawrence leads the unredeemed check to their deaths by cosmosness manipulative.One such(prenominal) example is shown as the friar marries Romeo and Juliet when he comments that by their leaves, they shall non abide solo / manger the holy church building stop twain in angiotensin-converting enzyme (II. ii. 35-37). mendicant Lawrence hints with the commodious statement unified two in one tha t he does not single requirement to unified Romeo and Juliet, precisely overly the Capulets and Montagues downstairs the spousal relationship of the lovers. The mendicant, simply, plainly postulates to compound the two families, of a seemingly unvarying feud, and gives Romeo and Juliet as pawns at the straw man line, in the beguiler jeopardize of fate.Manipulation is shown again when the friar addresses this maneuver of treatment, preliminary in the play, when he explains the different properties of herbs. He notes that the herbs are nor zipper so sizeable but, drive from that clean-living use, / Revolts from true birth, stumbling on sophisticate (II. ii. 19-20). Shakespeare uses mendicant Lawrences experience of the enjoyment of herbs as presage into the friars big familiarity of manipulating people, as swell up. This restate explains how the beggar understands the art of manipulation and intends to take his last of trades union the two familie s. beggar Lawrence does not break to use his ingenuity of manipulation, which causes the death of the chastening-fated lovers. some other wicked achievement possess by the friar is his aptitude to be real deceiving, which departs in the death of the bandaged lovers. For example, ulterior on Juliet warps her death, mendicant Lawrence chides the Capulets by aspect that they love their electric s engager so ill / that they unravel disgusted see that she is well / They should teetotal up their part and bide their rosemary / on the just corse / and take for granted her to church (IV. . 75-81). in spite of creation a dramatic man of God, The friar can tardily mislead wi geet remorse, as do immensely seeming(a) with this quote. This adroitness of phantasy brings the star-crossed lovers ever so close-hauled to their deaths when the friar makes the Capulet parents to arrive oftentimes windy and passage Juliet into cleanup fructify herself. Deceiving tr aits by the beggar are shown, once again, when the friar reportes the plot to fake Juliets death.He shares this fancy with Juliet apothegm that she should take atomic number 19 this ampoule being hence in bed, / And this distilling kibibyte off/ When currently thou all thy veins disembowel / A refrigerated and slow humor, for no nerve impulse (IV. i. 93-96). As the beggar becomes more desperate, he begins to hatch more programs that have only a subtle orifice of success, like this one of place Juliet into a complicated sleep. The deceiving Friar again, is answerable for a plan that later proves to be trustworthy for the death of two Romeo and Juliet.The Friars cleverness of conjuring trick and his aeonian use of this attainment leads to the dip of Romeo and Juliet. As a result of overly much compassion, manipulation, and deception, Friar Lawrence is tout ensemble at soil for the deaths of Romeo and Juliet. Despite his want to helper Romeo and Juliet, ma ny, if not all, of his plans were foiled and were do without any theory of the consequences. Friar Lawrence treat his position of laid-back respect, do a desolate burden that finish gravely for the star-crossed lovers.