Insecurity of Food in India Impacts

jeopardy of nutriment in India ImpactsThe regimen risk determined many components in the musical arrangement of sustenance, as well as individuals and factors regarding to social economic. When discourseing about the individual victuals insecurity they ar based on knowledge on nutritionary benefit, source of preparing forage, skills required to prep ar food, finale of time to take hold it and in fact of all availability of wellnessy food source. Famishment and hunger is caused overdue to drop of food and enough food is require to be well nourished. During recent familys there are many see significant modifications has been made to food policies in many exploitation countries in order to sustain food availability and constancy. According to solid food and land organization of the United States nations report states that one in every ennead commonwealth in the gentleman arouse still faced food insufficient for a wholesome carriagestyle or health livelihoo d ().The main meaning of food security is availability of food at all times, entrance of to it and nutritional benefit that in variety of convergence, flavour of product and cultural satisfactory (4).During 2012-2014 there are about 805 one thousand thousand state were estimated to be chronically undernourished and testament be reduce by more than 100 one thousand million mint over the start decades and since 1990-1990 by 209 million peoples. () The social determinants of food insecurity among the developing world is caused due to the climate careen, cosmos increment, war between countries, diseases caused to livestock, pests and loss of uncouth fields due to urbanization. In this paper I would akin to discuss about social determinants of food insecurity in India and social determinants of health due to insecurity in food.The present situation of Insecurity of Food in India shows a gloomy picture when it compare with other developing countries among the world .Due to t he Current data of Food Insecurity India has the largest number of people in the world who are unable to get a healthy food lifestyle and Food insecurity is caused due to orthodox purpose of belief like food inaccessibility and deficient buying efficacy , sociological and demographic characteristics such(prenominal) as unemployment, Illiteracy rate ,urbanization ,unsustainable environmental assures such as negative influence of political power in the coordination among the de wearments or sectors who handles the food insecurity and scurvy handling of food dissemination department among the states or artless body politics . As a rootage to the to a postgraduateer place situation, it arouse to begin from multi department of health and food emerge chains and must legislate importance in agriculture by well-favoured fair to middling knowledge and farming equipments , culture in hoidenish area were the food insecurity is more , promoting women empowerment in all sectors give them free education and work rights ,job opportunity in the government sectors ,giving well-behaved environmental condition such as piss theatrical role and sum ,providing proper sanitation and proper domestic waste management so to augment the quality of nature for sustainable yield of agriculture products (1).The marhood malnutrition is another get bys related food insecurity. According to the UN report, there are 2.1 million Indian children die before reaching the age of 5 per year that is 4 children every year. Among the death about half of it is caused due to infective diseases such as respiratory illness, malaria, diarrhea that are treated with number 1 of bell approach(2).Malnutrition and anemia are the two medical conditions which caused during the childhood development and food insecurity is the main reason for both causes. According to the have and child nutrition organization about 38.4 % of children under 3 are too short for their age and 46% child are jagged that is too thin for their age and abnormally low weight child height affects 19% of children under 3 years of age. If we take the weak among the child is about 79.2% is more .This caused due to the lake of unemployment and lack of uneducated set about or parenting among the artless place of India .This can be correctd by giving sufficient training to the parents during the child hood development. As the high rate of anemia among the child of rural India is caused due to the poor diet, un healthy conditions and due to the limit to sum like iron tablets during pregnancy stage. This have to the supplied to the people of local familiarity of womens by health service of process centers .In India Health service centers are lack of doctors this due to the people intermit to work in remote area due to insufficient resources like proper center, proper sanitation for living and proper house for the workers of health service or health centers.One of the common disease among the rural children is diarrhoea and often caused due to the insufficient clean water supply and improper hand sanitation like Hand wash when baby feeding etc. The ground water quality is low due to the industrial irrigation plant and industrial waste dumping to the nearby river. This water cannot be supplied to rural Indian .Due to the extreme weather conditions in India or so of river which are dry during summer season and rural people have to carry water from long distance. According to the World Health make-up that about 50 percent of children with malnutrition is related to diarrhoea and caused due to poor quality of water sanitations(3).The rural poverty and food insecurity challenge the people to migrate from the rural place to city for the better life and in search of better healthy condition .But this leads to massive increase of slums among the cities of India .The people who were living in the slum have even with child(p) way of health life style .This is due to the ove r population and unavailability of supply among the slum .The main health needs such as sanitation is not provided and drinking water is also not provided in the slums. The politician are not active in the graphic symbol of slum, they will never be able to produce or go into and policy to improve the health condition of people who were living in below poverty line in India. According to 2012 WHO Food Insecurity report states that India is home to more than 217 million undernourished people(5),So that is who were living in slum especially in major cities like New Delhi and Mumbai . cordial determinants of Food insecurity also depending on household it means that food insecurity is upon the placement of each member of that particular household and availability of food ,sharing between them ,sufficient food Varity ,food quality and hygienic standards of food ,a part of all the health status of family member is to be good to deliver a good health status .This criteria will help to defend the food insecurity among the family gum olibanum can achieve a healthy residential area among the rural place.According to the report of Food and Agricultural organization states that well-fed people are successful outcome of social-economic development and it carry primal spot in process of community developments(6). Recent study which portion out in the united also states that household food insecurity analytic thinking is used to method of adaptation of approach to prevent food insecurity among the community people(7).Agricultural growth also carry an important role in Food security that is increase in economic status of a country by more employments ,availability of food ,exporting of agricultural product thus can achieve economic growth and can improve the living status of community or improve in food insecurity. One of the main issues regarding the agriculture growth is due to the climatic change during the past days .The farmers are not able to achieve their na me and address for example to be accommodate is banning of Indian Mango to European Union and other country, due to findings of fruit flies in nigh of the mango boxes .This power most of rural people who were involved in a big loss in economic growth .This issue is due to the improper checking or supply of pesticide through the department of agriculture in to the hands of farmers(8).The Food insecurity in India is caused due to the lack of accessibility of resources to the rural people ,high product price mostly in buying medicine and nutritious products(vegetables, milk, egg ,etc.), high transportation cost and lack of road to reach all the place of rural India, inadequate supply of water to the required place, urbanization in major city without sufficient waste management and quality water supply ,Industrial set and pollution to the atmosphere and water ,due to the result of pollution sudden climatic change which mostly effect the agricultural production, lack of Health center s in rural area ,Limited accessibility of quality of water in rural area, Health education during the pregnancy stage, lack of supply of medication which are free from government health service .As a solution of Insecurity of food the government have to create a community based approach to the requirement and supply of needs .They should concentrate on promoting the rural women about the basic education In case of breastfeeding and hygienic care required during the breastfeeding time and supplying required amount of vitamin ,iron tablets during their period of pregnancy .The government should have to promote the health worker and supply with their requirement .Adequate water supply to the rural place. The politician have to include rural health policy to maintain an adequate health to the rural community. One of the additional fundamental importance in economic growth is to increase in agricultural products thus meeting the global subscribe for food .According to the World Health O rganization (10) repot the agricultural production can be expected to increase 60 percentage by the end of 2050.The social detriments of health due to the food insecurity have to be ended by improving or motivating the people toward agriculture and many other can find opportunity international the circle of agriculture to small businesses into profitable. The government have to take an action to include policy which supports the local community and nature by this translation can help the people below poverty to overcome (9). Implementing per annum surveys to rural people regarding the issues like supply and demand ,it also effect to improve the health condition of local community .Use of new engine room like video conferencing with the rural community to educate regarding the basic things ,mobile health centers on a monthly basis to check the health condition of the people, irrigation projects and rain water storage project to improve the water quality thus it help to improve th e ground water for drinking purpose, adequate supply of water filters and storage tanks .During recent news report the people of rural community especially children are suffering from lack of access to safe water and sanitation .This have to be ended by improving the quality of life style ,give them education ,give them necessary requirements and thus can improve or build a healthy community around India and from our achievement the other people around the world will follow our steps of success.

Strategic Management At UNIQLO

strategical Management At UNIQLOToday, UNIQLO is described as the garments giant initiative, Inc.s loveseat found on the 4, 000% sh be harm increase, making UNIQLO as Japans triad largest uni chance variable get byer. However, it is not al vogues victory for UNIQLO the adjuvant too has its hold shargon of downturns especi completelyy on its planetary expansion. For instance, expansion programmes in the f on the whole in Kingdom (UK) saw a turbulent stumble in profits, forcing de measure prohibitedd make out to shut down 16 of the 21 UNIQLO memory boards uncloudeded, because of competition. Most recently, ternion UNIQLO interjects in New Jersey were in addition resolved because of scotch slumps. disdain these occurrences, UNIQLO maintains the spirit and still believed that the grime name has scarcely exclusively manner forward. How UNIQLO depart going to do much(prenominal) is important to this paper, tumbleering on the companionships strate gic management. outside(a), financial aid and competitor analysis as well as the inside environment bequeath be addressed.Political particularors have direct encounter on short letter conducts and operations. Decisions made by the affects the decision-making of retailers and could come in the air of policy or legislation. In Hong Kong, the one country, two systems is the popular disposal philosophy which endows the special administrative role with a spirited dot of autonomy and its capitalist scotch system. Within a capitalistic and lax people commercialise-oriented parsimony, retail companies make the studyity of microeconomic decisions just they have to aline to specific agreements. Mainland and HK Closer Partnership Economic Ar divagatement (CEPA) and the US-China Textile memorial of Understanding argon two examples of this. The former provides UNIQLO with a tariff-free treatment, stating that harvest-feasts which have no subsisting CEPA rules of origin t estament enjoy tariff-free treatment upon applications by topical anesthetic manufacturers. The latter could provide UNIQLO with an opportunity for an annual issue of 8-17% in 21 categories of Chinese textiles and habilitate trades to the US. Labor and customary regulations as well as regulation of conducts atomic number 18 withal complied into including China Social Compliance 9000 and US and EU quotas (RSCA 2006 Doshi 2006).Economic abbreviationDomestically and world(prenominal)ly, blood linees atomic number 18 overly creationness affected by economic factors whereby a strong saving indicates cocksure results and weak economy signifies the opposite, touching both demarcationes and consumers. Hong Kongs gross interior(prenominal) result is estimated at US$206.7bn with the helper sector that contri besideses 90% of the contri providede GDP. The region is likewise named as the worlds eleventh largest trading entity. Almost 50% of the intact population is empl oyed full-time and the unemployment rate has a continuous middling decline by 4.1%, making disposition of income a theory, a disdain cost of living that is (Monthly Digest 2008). Spending is generally devoted for nutrient, housing, healthcargon, pane, amusement, function and raiment. People nowadays be actually special with garmenting in property attire on that pointby resume spending with premium costume finds (Doshi 2006). Realising this, the price and role characteristics of UNIQLO has a strategic fit UNIQLO makes people hang contriveable and confident in world-class clothes at a apprehensionable price by means of the corporation-wide integration of the Specialty Store retailer of Private Label App bel (SPA) model, a imprint-cost but rough-and-ready operation model.Social compendDemography or the population characteristics whitethorn determine buying patterns and that understanding demographic changes within a extra region or place promotes determinin g whether reapings and work would appeal to guests as well as the number of potential customers (Barney and Hesterly 2006, p. 35). Hong Kong has a entireness of 6, 985, ccc population establish on 2008 estimate and is continuously growing collectable to immigrant influx from Mainland. match to Doshi, people in HK and elsewhere have a growing interest in private labels. Consumers aspired for having private levels on quotidian garments. Casual wear from HK which is known for technical blueprint and grapheme has a compulsive image on planetary consumers. Nevertheless, foreign signs atomic number 18 knock prohibited in elevated-end consumers while municipal scores be for confused-end consumers (Doshi, 2006). In taking avail of the wealth of the demography, UNIQLO makes effort on providing risque-quality switch and generating determines to the society by taxes. Further, UNIQLO is a troupe that is connected in creating positive reputation as manifested in its v ision and mission, styles of management, ways of doing vexation and requirements to employees. proficient Analysis proficient innovations atomic number 18 a priority for the snip retailing application but it go away remain as projection intensive as it is today. Boosting the constancys productiveness, change magnitude in automation has been the recent trend but it is limited on specific functions, to which mostly require human intervention such as sewing and making patterns. Although on that point are computerised sewing machines that increase the productivity and reduce training time. Further, the uses of computer system software intended for the application go awaying be on making rough sketches, printing detail designs and storing of information for easy retrieval. The customer orientation of UNIQLO was basically construed from its website in which customers screw give feedbacks by email and discussion board. Hong Productivity Council made a report disclosing tha t the equip industry could make sense of information engineering science (IT) if utilise for order processing, costing analysis, order tracking, material management, reporting and connectivity (2004). patience AnalysisPorters Five Forces AnalysisA) scourge of EntryBarney and Hesterly (2006, p. 43) point out that invigorated entrants are the firms which have either recently begun operations or those that panicen to begin operations within an industry soon. Notably, the vesture industry is a buyer-driven industry where producers are considering buyers decision-making curiously when grime names inscribe the picture. These buyer-centric industries have low barriers to entry mainly because of intense competition. Utilising posts as a grocery power source however, this is a challenge for e very(prenominal) robes friendship. In the habiliment problem, mass customisation has seen to be the most useful dodging. lay strategises into action remains to be in resilience today ( Culpan 2002). thitherfore, the emphasis essential be on minimising the costs without sacrificing quality and to do this, managerial know how is a must in order to understand interactions with suppliers and consumers, to alleviate creative thinking and innovation and to maintain mobility in adapting to tonic food food market placeplace subscribes (Kincade, Regan and Gibson 2007). twist brand awareness and consumer loyalty is a costly endeavor since it involves advertizement needed not completely to promote the brand but as well as on supporting awareness and loyalty. Strengthening brand names also requires that there are quick response programs to increase revenues and manage risks. One of UNIQLOs major(ip) resources is its brand name, which is now synonymous with palmy, tall quality and cheap raiment deals. Although brand awareness outside the home country is a challenge, it is of impalpable shelter to UNIQLO as a business sector as specify. Brands are valuable and antiquated and honored brands are borrowd done the impressions one has of the company, and its products or overhauls. Since a brand name is built overtime it becomes costly to imitate thereby providing a exertable belligerent utility in the groom industry (Groucutt, Lydley and Forsyth 2004, p. 285).B) brat of RivalryEither in home or host countries, drapes, accessories and merchandise provide always have a competitor which usually vibrates in size. The modern market trends for the apparel industry are world(a)isation and increase competition, increasing price and bring down profit margin pressures, small measuring stick with high complexity orders, shorter lead times, multiple view operation, changing customer requirements and liberalisation on textile and garment quota that creates tender market dynamics. world responsive to these market trends shifts the focus of the apparel industry for more lengthy product maturation and improvements at the least possi ble cost. Such originator forces companies to divert on product speciality because of high switching cost. In an industry where products are deemed to be equal, the key sources of specialization are brand image, reputation and prior cosmos (Byoungho 2004b). For UNIQLO, the products themselves are an important source of matched edge. UNIQLO strives at developing products of high quality, in versatile collections to enable the company to reach the highest possible number of customers. As such, the rivals would be endangered when it comes to introducing forward- hanging products. UNIQLO is positioned in the air capitals of the world for the purpose of taking advan cross offe of the pertlyly information about fashion trends. UNIQLOs ability to quickly adapt to trends and natural markets has helped them develop product differentiation, something that is key to the companys supremacy in the apparel industry. fit to Tokle (1990), product differentiation is what separates the to p competitors from the rest, but it something that is not costly to imitate. This is why their product differentiation is totally a temporary competitive advantage. competitory advantage could be achieved once the organisation learns to manage its capabilities that the end consumers could regard and competitors would find difficulties imitating (Porter 1985 Roney 2004).C) holy terror of SubstitutesCasual wear is very particular with loose-fit, commodious and relaxed fit. Athletic or expeditious wear was perceived to be the scale interchangeable substitute to cursory wear as manifested by the booming acrobatic wear industry. Typically worn as episodic fashion tog, active attires could provide deterrence in the industry. Moreover, the blurring demarcation on the casual raiment family could be also seen as an opportunity for substitutes. Specialised stores offer semi-casual, swank casual and business casual lines. Semi-casual clothes are less presentational than informal but are not as loose as casual dresses. Smart casual purports conservative looks but with harmony on colors, fabrics, shoes and accessories. Business casual, on the other hand, varies in definition but the common element is the collar. Realising this, the bottomline now is the price. Moreover, based on the SPA business model, all the necessary functions at UNIQLO falls under a iodin umbrella especially the inbound logistics and the production. UNIQLO is an example of a cut-make-trim company in which in which the company purchase the fabric and retain ownership of the lancinate materials and work-in-process, and so making it hard for rivals to imitate or produce substitutes for UNQILO brands.D) bane of SuppliersThe prices and availability of commonly used fabrics such as cotton, blends, synthetics and wools might vacillate signifi back toothtly cod to its dependence on invite, crop yields, weather, impart actors, expatriate costs, government regulations and economic conditi on among others (Byoungho 2004a). Quota is the major factor that affects the demand and allow of textile and fabrics. Even though the sale of huffy materials is standardised, independent contractors, sore material suppliers, importers and apparel manufacturing firms could not isolate themselves from such scenario because of the prospective ricketiness in the supply chain (Chetty 1999). As well, because of forward vertical integration, conjugated with the low barrier to entry, suppliers could easily become rivals. In becoming curse of entry, suppliers could be also become a competitor to already completed apparel manufacturers. In addition, contractors is also one of the threats when the demand of the constancy increases, it provide cause labor costs price inflation. Laszlo (2008) stress that there are five main parts of the apparel take account chain including black material supply, provision of components production networks export channels and marketing networks at the retail level. Through the process, UNIQLO has an ownership on production and thereby a complete control on the supplies procurement. UNIQLO insources its production and handles the majority of the operational details. Sourcing is a go-to in the apparel industry but it is not antiquated although it mess add value to UNIQLO.E) Threat of BuyersReaching more and diverse consume group, the apparel industry is both a stable and shaky industry. lasting because quality price and quality products are the main element and unsteady because there are many factors that affect both price and quality. In the point of consumption, for instance, there are middle men such as the retail stores that offer an array of brands. In purchasing manufacture apparel, retail stores could have influence on making signifi trickt requirements and demands on their purchase, touch on prices. Though quality is inherent, prices would not be contendable at all, and pickaxe clothing is readily available. This explains why apparel manufacturing companies are roundaboutting up their own stand along stores which provide cater to their own produce. consequential is that apparel stores must not fall dependent on s specific class of customer. Buyers are increasingly appearing to prefer preceding(prenominal) standard apparel with a much level cost, making apparel less differentiated. When marketing directly to consumers, buyers would incur a significant particle of their dispensable cash. Same goes with retail store, they purchase apparel at the least possible final cost, but adds up to prices of apparel. UNIQLO is involve in vary to the customers by means of effectiveness store marketing, with a minimalist system of push-down stack em high, sell em cheap concept that is. In addition, the unbranded fashion or the no-logo concept was perceived to be the main reasons for peoples spry assistance (Williamson 2007 Parrish, Cassill and Oxenham 2006).Competitor AnalysisLocal Competitor s1) BossiniThere are leash competitors for UNIQLO Bossini, Giordano and Muji. Bossini International Holdings Limited is an apparel brand owner, retailer and franchiser nestled in Hong Kong. From its onset in 1987, Bossini go along to grow both domestically and outside(a)ly. Today, the global scattering network is comprised of 551 directly managed and franchised outlets in Mainland, 322 export franchised outlets, 178 directly managed outlets in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia and 1, 051 outlets in 20 countries. Taking pride on its Bossini brand that is comfortable, easy to mix-and-match, colorful and energetic uniform the Family-Fit brand, Bossini was able to cater to motley consumer requirements in a value for money fashion (Bossini Annual storey 2006/2007).The strength of the brand and the people was d naturaln from the seven practices face reality, disgracetain it simple, act with the speed of light, set stretch goals, drive quality, create and sustain a learnin g organisation and obligate the A, nurture the B and reject the C. Through this set of practices, Bossini puts emphasis on quality, efficiency and profitability as a source of competitive edge. The company is also continuously make brand awareness by mode of innovative cross-regional marketing activities. In enhancing its supply chain, Bossini shorten the product cycle from design to store and will continue to build string ties with them in a proactive manner. make up an IT system is a strategy meant to drive future branch and profitability. Though the company deals with closing of un flourishing outlets whenever necessary to divert their attention to areas which needs a closer concentration and with participating in huge campaigns and dual-branding to promote the products and to expand market reach, Bossini is more focused on its 4some core markets.2) GiordanoEstablished in 1981, Giordano is one among the popular and naturalized casual apparel retailer in Asia Pacific Region which employs about 11, 000 provide with over 1, 895 shops operate(a) in 30 territories worldwide. From its restructuring from 1986, the company prepared for outside(a) expansion, which was made possible by the initial success in Hong Kong, Mainland and live countries such as Taiwan and Singapore. Known as the most in(predicate) homegrown retail stores, Giordano is a pioneering company that participated in drafting of formula of practice in the retailing scene and introduced innovations such as the replete(p) shopping experience where customers are greeted individually in the doorstops and bade profound-by unto when leaving the store.Envisioning itself in making people feel good while looking great, the companys main strategy is its For the People philosophy wherein quality, knowledge, innovation, service and constraint are at the core. As an apparel of choice, Giordano is also act in providing simple mindedness of design, quality workmanship, attentive customer s ervice and value-for-money, allowing the company to strongly build its own loyal following (Giordano 2008). Though the tetrad brands Giordano Ladies, Giordano Concepts, Giordano and Giordano Junior are constantly utile, the flunk is that Giordano has a limited divagate of products and that consumers may grew tired of the alert concepts.3) MujiRyohin Keikaku, better known as Muji, is an consequence from The Seiyu, Ltd. In becoming a separate brand, Muji develops range of apparel, household goods and food that takes pride on being functional, simple and of high quality.Literally means no brand, the over 700 Muji products observes the philosophy of simplicity. Primarily purporting an individualistic and diversified lifestyle, Muji follows triplet processes that is said to be the reason for proving good quality products at tear down prices. These are alternative of materials, streamlining processes and simplification of packaging.The companys emphasis on preventing materials wastage and improvement of prerequisite product quality as well as time and labor optimisation are the key in achieving operational effectiveness and efficiency. The selection of materials is a very important stage for Muji where suitable fresh materials are the main concern. Bulk buying is a strategy wherein quality is the all important(p) criterion, underpinning the possibility of producing high quality, low prices products. Thereby, the impuissance is on changes in demand and supply of raw materials. Standards at manufacturing stages are also under close scrutiny in order to eliminate waste and reduce cost. When it comes to packaging, Muji sticks to the simplicity philosophy, bearing only product related information and the price tag (Ryohin Keikaku Co., Ltd.).International Competitors4) pass recess, Inc. and United Colors of Benetton are the two transnational competitors for UNIQLO. fissure, Inc. has been officially incorporated in 1988 as a global peculiarity and outlet store which offers casual apparel, accessories and personal care products. Gap, Banana Republic, centenarian Navy and Piperlime are the four primary brands. As a way of structure the value of the brands, Gap is very fastidious with brand discipline, ensuring that value will be integrated from product design to statistical distribution onto marketing, merchandise and shopping environments. The strong point of Gap is its continuous commitment in enhancing the brand in fact, Gap has an intensive portfolio of brands covering classically styled, high quality, casual apparel at moderate prices for virtually all ages. However, the weakness is on inscription turnover. Emphasising style, quality and good value, Gap embraces a shopper chummy environment where store facades vary depending on selling season, size and position of the store. Just like UNIQLO, Gap is never threatened of closing under-performing stores and expanding and remodeling existing stores (Gap Annual depict 2006).5) BenettonA global clothing brand which is based in Treviso, Italy, the name Benetton originated from the Benetton family who founded the company in 1965. Now in humans in over 120 countries, Benetton started with only 5 stores in 1979 which were move to reach 800 stores today. The 5, 500 network of contemporary stores worldwide are the reason for generating a total turnover of 2 billion euro. Fashion apparel is the core business wherein quality, style and passion done the brands such as United Color of Benetton, Sisley, Playlife and Killer Loop are the main concerns. mixture energy, colors and practicality, Benetton offers a portfolio of products for men, women and kids. The strength is in its innovation and IT integration in producing 160 million garments annually. At Benetton, superior product quality is achieved finished committing every stage of the production process with innovation and creativity. The weakness is on the tendency for incoherent diversification (Benetton w ebsite 2008).Common to all the competitors of UNIQLO, either domestic or international, is the international expansion strategy known as the judo strategy or the conscious decision to move rapidly into mod markets where there is uncontested ground.(Hilburt-Davis 2002), and providing the best value of money based on trenchant brands. Product differentiation, low cost production and gateway market acumen like UK and the Mainland are other strategies that these competitors pursue, in the same way like UNQILO is doing. It is important that brands must align to the needs of the customers of varying age structures and preferences and producing brands where value was mounted from the very first step. Quality and customer service are the main concerns, followed by style or design and functionality. Brand development and twist brand awareness as well as the boilersuit look of the asylum are also the priorities. Common also to Bossini and Gap is the closure of unproductive stores/outlet s while Benetton takes pride in its IT integration in production. Bossini also engages in dual-branding in terms of marketing. Since it is also common to all of these competitors to conceptualised product portfolio, the weaknesses are on incoherence in diversifying the products, apart from archive turnover and focusing on core markets. Typically, when these scenarios happen production will be affected and it would not be advisable for those companies which are into intensity buying especially that the styles are immediately paced out.For UNIQLO, the weaknesses of the domestic and global competitors could be reaped off as new strategies and the strengths could be manipulated as new advantages. The UNIQLO could be upgraded in undecideding flagships stores in every gateway market so as to equally diversify brands and gateway locations, catering to all forms of demographics. For UNIQLO, product mix and shopping spree would be plausible especially if it will come in bolder shades, wit h better quality and cheaper prices, but are fabricate based on forecasted demands. To take advantage of the opportunities that competitors impose, UNIQLO must also open its horizon into new product trends including the silver market and the plus-size market as part of the brand concepts. Although all of the competing companies including UNQILO are into casual, frequent wear, what will set UNQILO apart from them is the potential of easy care clothing where fabrics are very fluid and/or wrinkle free.Internal AnalysisSWOT Analysis1) StrengthsUNIQLO was deemed successful because of its commitment in divergence which supports the individuality of each family constituent as well as those with fashion-forward and edgy people. These products are of expected high quality because of the effective global materials procurement. Given this, UNIQLOs products are knowing pair with the customer requirements and worldwide markets trends. Voice of the Consumer (VOC) is one of the key in make the most effective brands. For UNIQLO, however, this is not enough, it should be joined with direct utilization in value chain process and doing it through a low-cost, quality-driven manner. In the post production stage, it is also important for UNQILO to obtain effective distribution management and inventory control. UNIQLO is an expert in store development thereby efficient store operation in addition.2) WeaknessesJapan and Fast sell are devoted in simple, functional clothing with minimalist clothing details rather than cutting edge, extravagant clothing. This is the mark of UNIQLO, but could also be its major weakness in penetrating fashion-oriented places such as London, Paris and New York whereby fashion element of UNIQLO products are very limited. some other weakness is that UNIQLO belongs to a multi-layer distribution structured industry distribution digestibleness is hard, leading to clogging in distribution inventory. UNIQLO is also originally intentional for low-end c onsumers and that they will face a head-to-head competition with all kinds of market such as high end, high street, ethical consumers and cut-price shoppers when direct a colossal. In some places, profitability is largely determined by the opportunities of retail season like back-to-school and holidays. In both cases, UNIQLO must already embrace the necessary managerial and operational competences prior to establishing a presence in these places but in the case that UNIQLO would not be able to beg on being responsive enough to these threats this will partake the business results.3) OpportunitiesBelonging to an industry where fashion and apparel market trends are unending, UNIQLO is operational in a global business where companies direction and business activities are always expanding. Globalisation provides the apparel industry with grater simultaneity with the help of engine room, facilitating the convince of information with speedier level. Because of interdependence, free trade zone has also seen as advantageous because fashion, textile and apparel markets became borderless. While also making larger profits, UNIQLO could decorate in neighborly influence or its corporate kindly responsibility. Whats left-hand(a) hand for UNQILO is to grab the opportunity of a faster information and knowledge pitch from these locations through a full force IT integration including the customers. The teenager market is also another opportunity the UNIQLO could exploit since this group is very punctilious in value shopping and they have preferences of where to shop and how to shop.4) ThreatsChanges in economic conditions, changes in consumption trends and intense competition are just deuce-ace of the treats that UNQILO, and all other apparel firms, is currently facing. Foreign currency affects the business conduct of UNIQLO because of the locational position of the operations. Johnson and Scholes (2002) relate that strategic positioning is an imperative in realis ing the strategic capabilities of organisations. UNIQLO has a geographically dispersed operation fashion designers are in Tokyo, New York and Paris, garnering first hand information in fashion trends manufacturing departments are in China where cheap labors reside headquarter is still in Japan which takes responsibility in strategic decision making. Labor and materials could vibrate depending in the performance of yen comparable to US dollars. In events that the economy of either one of the mentioned locations drifts, UNIQLOs operation will be shaken. In addition, the apparel industry where UNIQLO plays as a major player is contaminated with customers influences where the possibility of switching brands is always a possibility.ConclusionDescribed as the similar of Gap, UNIQLO is increasingly becoming known in the global apparel industry. UNIQLO act to be a brand of preference because of the quality, simplicity, functionality and cheaper prices of the merchandises. Although UNIQLO is politically influenced by CEPA and US-China memorandum, UNQILO invests only on opportunities that are profitable, advantageous and will purport the continuous geographic expansion of the company. UNIQLO has an advantage when it comes to individual spending basically because clothing is a basic need. While at it, however, UNIQLO must not ignore the social aspects of doing business which is to provide people empowerment when it comes to giving to the government through tax. The company is also committed in enhancing customer service through acquiring the VOC.Entering the apparel market is relatively easy however, new entrants must face the challenges of building brand awareness and coping with the emergences of new trends. There are at least five major rivals for UNIQLO Bossini, Giordano, Muji, Gap and Benetton. All these rivals are involved in continuous product differentiation since, depending on the fashion trends, substitutes could instantly emerge. Because of the SPA model, UNIQLOs processes are inherently elevated sense of ownership in process responsibilities is the key. The plenitude em high, sell em cheap concept, as well, is an attribute unique to UNIQLO. In sum, the prevalent strategy at UNIQLO is the continuous domestic and global expansion and low cost production and management, achieved through continuous strengthening of the already good brand, ownership of processes, obtaining the VOC, sound distribution and inventory control and efficient store operations.To evaluate, the current strategies of UNIQLO are providing the business with immense profitability and growth. However, UNIQLO already has a record of mistake in focusing more and prioritising international expansions thereof hurting the reputation of the company specially in terms of managerial capacity, expertise and competence. There remains the fact that the products lag behind the quality of the products generated from the fashion centers of the worldwide considering that design ers are already in that places. A fact also is that UNIQLO has an immature experience curve in aspects of global market perceptiveness. Shutting down of 16 of the 20 stores in the UK in 2001 and 3 stores in New Jersey are clear-cut evidences of the incompetence on the side of UNIQLO. Global integration proved to be futile especially because UNIQLO is easily shaken up by global economic changes. UNIQLO admits that the closure of the New Jersey stores is because of the recent recessions and investment drifts in the US. In the UK, stores face up closure because of the failure to recognise the consumer preferences of Britons, which are very different with that of Asians and Nipponese per se.There are two recommendations for UNIQLO Asian market integration and composition on an online shopping site. The first centers the idea that UNIQLO is an Asian product and must be initially offered to Asian consumers. The appreciation of Asian consumers, though they also vary depending on indivi dual cultures, would be much higher compared to that of the westsideners. There are several fashion or brand oriented countries in Asia that UNIQLO has yet to discover such as the Philippines, for instance. Filipinos consider clothing as a staple and the apparel industry in the country is a booming industry. Nonetheless, Filipinos have the invest in quality perception where quality is the primary concern and price is secondary but if there are products that combine these two features, it will be much appreciated. In addition, export costs would be limited.Online retailing is a proven successful endeavor. unalike types of markets and industries are growing because of globalization and the introduction of new information technologies, as well as the pioneer which is the Internet. The key requirements are now refer in quality, speed-to-market, flexibility, innovation, networks, customer service and customization. Internet advertize or sometimes called, as web advertising is a type of advertising in which a person can coStrategic Management at UNIQLOStrategic Management at UNIQLOIntroduction Dubbed as Japans retail success story in the new millennium, UNIQLO is a 100% consolidated subsidiary of Fast Retailing Co. Ltd, a Nipponese retail holding company. UNIQLO organise the portmanteau for unique and clothing as am emblem of creativity and individuality of Japanese apparel industry. UNIQLO offers fashionable and high quality clothing at reasonable prices, and was seized as an opportunity to establish a brand position domestically and internationally, combining all the facets of the business from product design to final sales and the operation of the 790 stores around the globe. Primarily offing for a highly brand conscious consumer group, UNIQLO envisions itself as a leading global casual wear company targeting high sales and profitability growth. For UNIQLO, such aim could materialise based on the established strategies such as low cost management, cheapest manufacture and marketing schedules and prioritising customer requirements.Today, UNIQLO is described as the apparel giant Gap, Inc.s counterpart based on the 4, 000% share price increase, making UNIQLO as Japans third largest clothing retailer. However, it is not always victory for UNIQLO the subsidiary also has its own share of downturns especially on its international expansion. For instance, expansion programmes in the United Kingdom (UK) saw a tumultuous stumble in profits, forcing Fast Retailing to shut down 16 of the 21 UNIQLO stores opened, because of competition. Most recently, third UNIQLO stores in New Jersey were also closed because of economic slumps. Despite these facts, UNIQLO maintains the spirit and still believed that the brand has only but way forward. How UNIQLO will going to do such is central to this paper, focusing on the companys strategic management. External, industry and competitor analysis as well as the internal environment will be addressed.External An alysisPolitical Analysis Political factors have direct impact on business conducts and operations. Decisions made by the affects the decision-making of retailers and could come in the form of policy or legislation. In Hong Kong, the one country, two systems is the prevalent organisation philosophy which endows the special administrative region with a high pointedness of autonomy and its capitalist economic system. Within a capitalistic and free market-oriented economy, retail companies make the majority of microeconomic decisions but they have to conform to specific agreements. Mainland and HK Closer Partnership Economic Arrangement (CEPA) and the US-China Textile chronicle of Understanding are two examples of this. The former provides UNIQLO with a tariff-free treatment, stating that products which have no existing CEPA rules of origin will enjoy tariff-free treatment upon applications by topical anaesthetic manufacturers. The latter could provide UNIQLO with an opportunity for an annual growth of 8-17% in 21 categories of Chinese textiles and clothing exports to the US. Labor and customary regulations as well as code of conducts are also complied into including China Social Compliance 9000 and US and EU quotas (RSCA 2006 Doshi 2006).Economic Analysis Domestically and globally, businesses are also being affected by economic factors whereby a strong economy indicates positive results and weak economy signifies the opposite, affecting both businesses and consumers. Hong Kongs gross domestic product is estimated at US$206.7bn with the service sector that contributes 90% of the total GDP. The region is also named as the worlds eleventh largest trading entity. Almost 50% of the total population is employed full-time and the unemployment rate has a continuous norm decline by 4.1%, making disposition of income a possibility, a lower cost of living that is (Monthly Digest 2008). Spending is generally devoted for food, housing, healthcare, transportation, amuseme nt, services and apparel. People nowadays are very particular with investing in quality clothing thereby resume spending with premium apparel finds (Doshi 2006). Realising this, the price and quality characteristics of UNIQLO has a strategic fit UNIQLO makes people look fashionable and confident in world-class clothes at a reasonable price through the company-wide integration of the Specialty Store retail merchant of Private Label Apparel (SPA) model, a low-cost but effective operation model.Social AnalysisDemography or the population characteristics may determine buying patterns and that understanding demographic changes within a particular region or place facilitates determining whether products and services would appeal to customers as well as the number of potential customers (Barney and Hesterly 2006, p. 35). Hong Kong has a total of 6, 985, iii hundred population based on 2008 estimate and is continuously growing due to immigrant influx from Mainland. According to Doshi, pe ople in HK and elsewhere have a growing interest in private labels. Consumers aspired for having private levels on everyday garments. Casual wear from HK which is known for good design and quality has a positive image on global consumers. Nevertheless, international brands are strong in high-end consumers while domestic brands are for low-end consumers (Doshi, 2006). In taking advantage of the wealth of the demography, UNIQLO makes effort on providing high-quality merchandise and generating values to the society by taxes. Further, UNIQLO is a company that is committed in creating positive reputation as manifested in its vision and mission, styles of management, ways of doing business and requirements to employees.Technological Analysis Technological innovations are a priority for the apparel retailing industry but it will remain as labor intensive as it is today. Boosting the industrys productivity, increase in automation has been the recent trend but it is limited on specific func tions, to which mostly require human intervention such as sewing and making patterns. Although there are computerised sewing machines that increase the productivity and reduce training time. Further, the uses of computer system software intended for the industry will be on making rough sketches, printing detail designs and storing of information for easy retrieval. The customer orientation of UNIQLO was basically construed from its website in which customers can give feedbacks by email and discussion board. Hong Productivity Council made a report disclosing that the apparel industry could make sense of information technology (IT) if utilise for order processing, costing analysis, order tracking, material management, reporting and connectivity (2004). perseverance AnalysisPorters Five Forces AnalysisA) Threat of Entry Barney and Hesterly (2006, p. 43) point out that new entrants are the firms which have either recently begun operations or those that threaten to begin operations with in an industry soon. Notably, the apparel industry is a buyer-driven industry where producers are considering buyers decision-making especially when brand names enter the picture. These buyer-centric industries have low barriers to entry mainly because of intense competition. Utilising brands as a market power source however, this is a challenge for every clothing company. In the clothing business, mass customisation has seen to be the most effective strategy. lay strategises into action remains to be in resilience today (Culpan 2002). Therefore, the focus must be on minimising the costs without sacrificing quality and to do this, managerial know how is a must in order to understand interactions with suppliers and consumers, to facilitate creativity and innovation and to maintain mobility in adapting to new market demands (Kincade, Regan and Gibson 2007). build brand awareness and consumer loyalty is a costly endeavor since it involves advertising needed not only to promote the bra nd but also on sustaining awareness and loyalty. Strengthening brand names also requires that there are quick response programs to increase revenues and manage risks. One of UNIQLOs major resources is its brand name, which is now synonymous with comfortable, high quality and cheap clothing merchandises. Although brand awareness outside the home country is a challenge, it is of intangible asset value to UNIQLO as a business asset. Brands are valuable and ancient and reputable brands are acquired through the impressions one has of the company, and its products or services. Since a brand name is built overtime it becomes costly to imitate thereby providing a sustainable competitive advantage in the apparel industry (Groucutt, Lydley and Forsyth 2004, p. 285).B) Threat of Rivalry Either in home or host countries, apparels, accessories and merchandise will always have a competitor which usually weaves in size. The modern market trends for the apparel industry are globalisation and in crease competition, increasing price and lower profit margin pressures, small metre with high complexity orders, shorter lead times, multiple location operation, changing customer requirements and liberalisation on textile and clothing quota that creates new market dynamics. being responsive to these market trends shifts the focus of the apparel industry for more prolonged product development and improvements at the least possible cost. Such condition forces companies to divert on product differentiation because of high switching cost. In an industry where products are deemed to be equal, the key sources of differentiation are brand image, reputation and prior existence (Byoungho 2004b). For UNIQLO, the products themselves are an important source of competitive edge. UNIQLO strives at developing products of high quality, in various collections to enable the company to reach the highest possible number of customers. As such, the rivals would be endangered when it comes to introduc ing innovative products. UNIQLO is positioned in the fashion capitals of the world for the purpose of taking advantage of the new information about fashion trends. UNIQLOs ability to quickly adapt to trends and new markets has helped them develop product differentiation, something that is key to the companys success in the apparel industry. According to Tokle (1990), product differentiation is what separates the top competitors from the rest, but it something that is not costly to imitate. This is why their product differentiation is only a temporary competitive advantage. free-enterprise(a) advantage could be achieved once the organisation learns to manage its capabilities that the end consumers could appreciate and competitors would find difficulties imitating (Porter 1985 Roney 2004).C) Threat of Substitutes Casual wear is very particular with loose-fit, comfortable and relaxed fit. Athletic or active wear was perceived to be the walking(prenominal) substitute to casual wear as manifested by the booming acrobatic wear industry. Typically worn as casual fashion clothing, active attires could provide deterrence in the industry. Moreover, the blurring demarcation on the casual clothing family could be also seen as an opportunity for substitutes. Specialised stores offer semi-casual, suffer casual and business casual lines. Semi-casual clothes are less presentational than informal but are not as loose as casual dresses. Smart casual purports conservative looks but with harmony on colors, fabrics, shoes and accessories. Business casual, on the other hand, varies in definition but the common element is the collar. Realising this, the bottomline now is the price. Moreover, based on the SPA business model, all the necessary functions at UNIQLO falls under a single umbrella especially the inbound logistics and the production. UNIQLO is an example of a cut-make-trim company in which in which the company purchase the fabric and retain ownership of the raw materials and work-in-process, and so making it hard for rivals to imitate or produce substitutes for UNQILO brands.D) Threat of Suppliers The prices and availability of commonly used fabrics such as cotton, blends, synthetics and wools might fluctuate significantly due to its dependence on demand, crop yields, weather, supply conditions, transportation costs, government regulations and economic condition among others (Byoungho 2004a). Quota is the major factor that affects the demand and supply of textile and fabrics. Even though the sale of raw materials is standardised, independent contractors, raw material suppliers, importers and apparel manufacturing firms could not isolate themselves from such scenario because of the prospective unsteadiness in the supply chain (Chetty 1999). As well, because of forward vertical integration, couple with the low barrier to entry, suppliers could easily become rivals. In becoming threat of entry, suppliers could be also become a competitor to already e stablished apparel manufacturers. In addition, contractors is also one of the threats when the demand of the labor increases, it will cause labor costs price inflation. Laszlo (2008) stress that there are five main parts of the apparel value chain including raw material supply, provision of components production networks export channels and marketing networks at the retail level. Through the process, UNIQLO has an ownership on production and thereby a complete control on the supplies procurement. UNIQLO insources its production and handles the majority of the operational details. Sourcing is a go-to in the apparel industry but it is not rare although it can add value to UNIQLO.E) Threat of Buyers Reaching more and diverse eat group, the apparel industry is both a stable and unstable industry. durable because quality price and quality products are the main element and unstable because there are many factors that affect both price and quality. In the point of consumption, for instan ce, there are middle men such as the retail stores that offer an array of brands. In purchasing manufactured apparel, retail stores could have influence on making significant requirements and demands on their purchase, affecting prices. Though quality is inherent, prices would not be reasonable at all, and alternate(a) clothing is readily available. This explains why apparel manufacturing companies are setting up their own stand along stores which will cater to their own produce. historic is that apparel stores must not fall dependent on s specific class of customer. Buyers are increasingly appearing to prefer above standard apparel with a much lower cost, making apparel less differentiated. When selling directly to consumers, buyers would incur a significant percent of their dispensable cash. Same goes with retail store, they purchase apparel at the least possible final cost, but adds up to prices of apparel. UNIQLO is involve in selling to the customers through specialty store marketing, with a minimalist strategy of pile em high, sell em cheap concept that is. In addition, the unbranded fashion or the no-logo concept was perceived to be the main reasons for peoples fond(p) attention (Williamson 2007 Parrish, Cassill and Oxenham 2006). Competitor AnalysisLocal Competitors1) Bossini There are common chord competitors for UNIQLO Bossini, Giordano and Muji. Bossini International Holdings Limited is an apparel brand owner, retailer and franchiser nestled in Hong Kong. From its onset in 1987, Bossini continued to grow both domestically and internationally. Today, the global distribution network is comprised of 551 directly managed and franchised outlets in Mainland, 322 export franchised outlets, 178 directly managed outlets in Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore and Malaysia and 1, 051 outlets in 20 countries. Taking pride on its Bossini brand that is comfortable, easy to mix-and-match, colorful and energetic like the Family-Fit brand, Bossini was able to cater to various consumer requirements in a value for money fashion (Bossini Annual Report 2006/2007). The strength of the brand and the people was drawn from the seven practices face reality, keep it simple, act with the speed of light, set stretch goals, drive quality, create and sustain a learning organisation and keep the A, nurture the B and toss out the C. Through this set of practices, Bossini puts emphasis on quality, efficiency and profitability as a source of competitive edge. The company is also continuously building brand awareness by means of innovative cross-regional marketing activities. In enhancing its supply chain, Bossini shorten the product cycle from design to store and will continue to build string ties with them in a proactive manner. construction up an IT system is a strategy meant to drive future growth and profitability. Though the company deals with closure of unsuccessful outlets whenever necessary to divert their attention to areas which needs a closer concentr ation and with participating in broad campaigns and dual-branding to promote the products and to expand market reach, Bossini is more focused on its four core markets.2) Giordano Established in 1981, Giordano is one among the popular and established casual apparel retailer in Asia Pacific Region which employs about 11, 000 provide with over 1, 895 shops operating in 30 territories worldwide. From its restructuring from 1986, the company prepared for international expansion, which was made possible by the initial success in Hong Kong, Mainland and dwell countries such as Taiwan and Singapore. Known as the most successful homegrown retail stores, Giordano is a pioneering company that participated in drafting of code of practice in the retailing scene and introduced innovations such as the total shopping experience where customers are greeted individually in the doorstops and bade bye unto when leaving the store. Envisioning itself in making people feel good while looking great, the companys main strategy is its For the People philosophy wherein quality, knowledge, innovation, service and simplicity are at the core. As an apparel of choice, Giordano is also committed in providing simplicity of design, quality workmanship, attentive customer service and value-for-money, allowing the company to strongly build its own loyal following (Giordano 2008). Though the four brands Giordano Ladies, Giordano Concepts, Giordano and Giordano Junior are constantly profitable, the weakness is that Giordano has a limited range of products and that consumers may grew tired of the existing concepts.3) Muji Ryohin Keikaku, better known as Muji, is an process from The Seiyu, Ltd. In becoming a separate brand, Muji develops range of apparel, household goods and food that takes pride on being functional, simple and of high quality.Literally means no brand, the over 700 Muji products observes the philosophy of simplicity. Primarily purporting an individualistic and diversified life style, Muji follows three processes that is said to be the reason for proving good quality products at lower prices. These are selection of materials, streamlining processes and simplification of packaging.The companys emphasis on preventing materials wastage and improvement of intrinsic product quality as well as time and labor optimisation are the key in achieving operational effectiveness and efficiency. The selection of materials is a very important stage for Muji where suitable raw materials are the main concern. Bulk buying is a strategy wherein quality is the subjective criterion, underpinning the possibility of producing high quality, low prices products. Thereby, the weakness is on changes in demand and supply of raw materials. Standards at manufacturing stages are also under close scrutiny in order to eliminate waste and reduce cost. When it comes to packaging, Muji sticks to the simplicity philosophy, bearing only product related information and the price tag (Ryohin Ke ikaku Co., Ltd.).International Competitors4) Gap Gap, Inc. and United Colors of Benetton are the two international competitors for UNIQLO. Gap, Inc. has been officially incorporated in 1988 as a global specialty and outlet store which offers casual apparel, accessories and personal care products. Gap, Banana Republic, honest-to-god Navy and Piperlime are the four primary brands. As a way of building the value of the brands, Gap is very fastidious with brand development, ensuring that value will be integrated from product design to distribution onto marketing, merchandising and shopping environments. The strong point of Gap is its continuous commitment in enhancing the brand in fact, Gap has an intensive portfolio of brands covering classically styled, high quality, casual apparel at moderate prices for virtually all ages. However, the weakness is on inventory turnover. Emphasising style, quality and good value, Gap embraces a shopper intimate environment where store facades vary d epending on selling season, size and location of the store. Just like UNIQLO, Gap is never threatened of closing under-performing stores and expanding and remodeling existing stores (Gap Annual Report 2006). 5) Benetton A global clothing brand which is based in Treviso, Italy, the name Benetton originated from the Benetton family who founded the company in 1965. Now in existence in over 120 countries, Benetton started with only 5 stores in 1979 which were bound to reach 800 stores today. The 5, 500 network of contemporary stores worldwide are the reason for generating a total turnover of 2 billion euro. Fashion apparel is the core business wherein quality, style and passion through the brands such as United Color of Benetton, Sisley, Playlife and Killer Loop are the main concerns. meld energy, colors and practicality, Benetton offers a portfolio of products for men, women and kids. The strength is in its innovation and IT integration in producing 160 million garments annually. At Benetton, superior product quality is achieved through committing every stage of the production process with innovation and creativity. The weakness is on the tendency for incoherent diversification (Benetton website 2008). Common to all the competitors of UNIQLO, either domestic or international, is the international expansion strategy known as the judo strategy or the conscious decision to move rapidly into new markets where there is uncontested ground.(Hilburt-Davis 2002), and providing the best value of money based on transparent brands. Product differentiation, low cost production and gateway market penetration like UK and the Mainland are other strategies that these competitors pursue, in the same way like UNQILO is doing. It is important that brands must conform to the needs of the customers of varying age structures and preferences and producing brands where value was mounted from the very first step. Quality and customer service are the main concerns, followed by style or design and functionality. Brand development and building brand awareness as well as the overall look of the establishment are also the priorities. Common also to Bossini and Gap is the closure of unproductive stores/outlets while Benetton takes pride in its IT integration in production. Bossini also engages in dual-branding in terms of marketing. Since it is also common to all of these competitors to conceptualised product portfolio, the weaknesses are on incoherence in diversifying the products, apart from inventory turnover and focusing on core markets. Typically, when these scenarios happen production will be affected and it would not be advisable for those companies which are into good deal buying especially that the styles are immediately paced out. For UNIQLO, the weaknesses of the domestic and global competitors could be reaped off as new strategies and the strengths could be manipulated as new advantages. The UNIQLO could be upgraded in opening flagships stores in every ga teway market so as to equally diversify brands and gateway locations, catering to all forms of demographics. For UNIQLO, product mix and shopping spree would be plausible especially if it will come in bolder shades, with better quality and cheaper prices, but are manufactured based on forecasted demands. To take advantage of the opportunities that competitors impose, UNIQLO must also open its horizon into new product trends including the silver market and the plus-size market as part of the brand concepts. Although all of the competing companies including UNQILO are into casual, everyday wear, what will set UNQILO apart from them is the potential of easy care clothing where fabrics are very fluid and/or wrinkle free. Internal AnalysisSWOT Analysis1) Strengths UNIQLO was deemed successful because of its commitment in divergence which supports the individuality of each family process as well as those with fashion-forward and edgy people. These products are of expected high quality be cause of the effective global materials procurement. Given this, UNIQLOs products are designed pair with the customer requirements and worldwide markets trends. Voice of the Consumer (VOC) is one of the key in building the most effective brands. For UNIQLO, however, this is not enough, it should be joined with direct net in value chain process and doing it through a low-cost, quality-driven manner. In the post production stage, it is also important for UNQILO to obtain effective distribution management and inventory control. UNIQLO is an expert in store development thereby efficient store operation in addition.2) Weaknesses Japan and Fast Retailing are devoted in simple, functional clothing with minimalist clothing details rather than cutting edge, extravagant clothing. This is the mark of UNIQLO, but could also be its major weakness in penetrating fashion-oriented places such as London, Paris and New York whereby fashion element of UNIQLO products are very limited. other weaknes s is that UNIQLO belongs to a multi-layer distribution structured industry distribution digestibility is hard, leading to clogging in distribution inventory. UNIQLO is also originally designed for low-end consumers and that they will face a head-to-head competition with all kinds of market such as high end, high street, ethical consumers and cut-price shoppers when operating abroad. In some places, profitability is largely determined by the opportunities of retail season like back-to-school and holidays. In both cases, UNIQLO must already acquire the necessary managerial and operational competences prior to establishing a presence in these places but in the case that UNIQLO would not be able to tap on being responsive enough to these threats this will impact the business results.3) Opportunities Belonging to an industry where fashion and apparel market trends are unending, UNIQLO is operating in a global business where companies direction and business activities are always expanding . Globalisation provides the apparel industry with grater simultaneity with the help of technology, facilitating the exchange of information with speedier level. Because of interdependence, free trade zone has also seen as profitable because fashion, textile and apparel markets became borderless. While also making larger profits, UNIQLO could invest in social influence or its corporate social responsibility. Whats left for UNQILO is to grab the opportunity of a faster information and knowledge graft from these locations through a full force IT integration including the customers. The teenager market is also another opportunity the UNIQLO could exploit since this group is very precise in value shopping and they have preferences of where to shop and how to shop.4) Threats Changes in economic conditions, changes in consumption trends and intense competition are just three of the treats that UNQILO, and all other apparel firms, is currently facing. Foreign currency affects the busines s conduct of UNIQLO because of the locational position of the operations. Johnson and Scholes (2002) relate that strategic positioning is an imperative in realising the strategic capabilities of organisations. UNIQLO has a geographically dispersed operation fashion designers are in Tokyo, New York and Paris, garnering first hand information in fashion trends manufacturing departments are in China where cheap labors reside headquarter is still in Japan which takes responsibility in strategic decision making. Labor and materials could fluctuate depending in the performance of yen comparable to US dollars. In events that the economy of either one of the mentioned locations drifts, UNIQLOs operation will be shaken. In addition, the apparel industry where UNIQLO plays as a major player is contaminated with customers influences where the possibility of switching brands is always a possibility. Conclusion Described as the eq of Gap, UNIQLO is increasingly becoming known in the global appa rel industry. UNIQLO continued to be a brand of preference because of the quality, simplicity, functionality and cheaper prices of the merchandises. Although UNIQLO is politically influenced by CEPA and US-China memorandum, UNQILO invests only on opportunities that are profitable, advantageous and will purport the continuous geographic expansion of the company. UNIQLO has an advantage when it comes to individual spending basically because clothing is a basic need. While at it, however, UNIQLO must not ignore the social aspects of doing business which is to provide people empowerment when it comes to giving to the government through tax. The company is also committed in enhancing customer service through acquiring the VOC. Entering the apparel market is relatively easy however, new entrants must face the challenges of building brand awareness and coping with the emergences of new trends. There are at least five major rivals for UNIQLO Bossini, Giordano, Muji, Gap and Benetton. All t hese rivals are involved in continuous product differentiation since, depending on the fashion trends, substitutes could instantly emerge. Because of the SPA model, UNIQLOs processes are inherently rare sense of ownership in process responsibilities is the key. The pile em high, sell em cheap concept, as well, is an attribute unique to UNIQLO. In sum, the prevalent strategy at UNIQLO is the continuous domestic and global expansion and low cost production and management, achieved through continuous strengthening of the already reputable brand, ownership of processes, obtaining the VOC, sound distribution and inventory control and efficient store operations. To evaluate, the current strategies of UNIQLO are providing the business with immense profitability and growth. However, UNIQLO already has a record of mistake in focusing more and prioritising international expansions thus hurting the reputation of the company specially in terms of managerial capacity, expertise and competence. T here remains the fact that the products lag behind the quality of the products generated from the fashion centers of the worldwide considering that designers are already in that places. A fact also is that UNIQLO has an immature experience curve in aspects of global market penetration. Shutting down of 16 of the 20 stores in the UK in 2001 and 3 stores in New Jersey are clear-cut evidences of the incompetence on the side of UNIQLO. Global integration proved to be futile especially because UNIQLO is easily shaken up by global economic changes. UNIQLO admits that the closure of the New Jersey stores is because of the recent recessions and investment drifts in the US. In the UK, stores confront closure because of the failure to recognise the consumer preferences of Britons, which are very different with that of Asians and Japanese per se. There are two recommendations for UNIQLO Asian market integration and establishment on an online shopping site. The first centers the idea that UNIQL O is an Asian product and must be initially offered to Asian consumers. The appreciation of Asian consumers, though they also vary depending on individual cultures, would be much higher compared to that of the Wester

Models of Age and Disability

Models of Age and DisabilityAging and disabilitySoniaSTRENGTH BASED work-Strengths base recital is an approach to support that has a strong concentre on the identification of quite a littles abilities, posts and capabilities and on their strengths and say-soity difference. Strengths based practice is largely founded on the work of Charles Rapp from the United States who founded the strengths f all in all in apprisal to case management within the affable health sector. The main physical object of this theoretical account is to analysis the health problems and issues of a client, support to a psyche in an appropriate way, find the call for of a client and the weaknesses of a client. More centralise on the strengths of an several(prenominal).STRENGTHS-Focus on the health and public assistance of an one-on-oneIt focuses on the clients interests, skill and support systems. differentiate the needs of an individual.Improve the attribute of life.Builds the self-esteem and sense of competitionWEEKNESSES- phantasmagoric goals.About only positive things.The weakness of the strength based fashion determine is that existing and potential abilities became the basis of classification and non the aspirations of individual. It is sometimes uncorrectable to establish individual aspirations since it requires effective communication and not readily assessable. many an(prenominal) critics of the strength based approach points out the limitation to which abilities define the capableness of the person to stand by into in the community.ASSESSMENT-It focuses on peoples abilities and resiliencies and set their own goals, ambitions and solutions to difficult situations.Individual strengths and resources such as their passions, skills and interest in their relationships and surrounds.The goal of a comprehensive needs assessment is to determine an individuals current abilities, resources, goals and needs.PLANNING-Set their goals.Specific methods for scene up individual goals.Make a jut out how to achieve their goals.Supports goals with resources from the individual and environment.CO-ORDINATION-Improve availability, access and adaption of resources in the community.Professional/c atomic number 18r link up individual with available environment.The weakness of the strength based model is that existing and potential abilities became the basis of classification and not the aspirations of individual. It is sometimes difficult to establish individual aspirations since it requires effective communication and not readily assessable. Many critics of the strength based approach points out the limitation to which abilities define the capability of the person to participate in the community.Case Management ModelIn this model an imparted surgery of military rating, arranging, assistance and promotion for choices and governing bodys are utilized to meet a customers all encompassing wishes through correspondence and existing assets to empower qual ity spending successful results. This model has been utilized within an extensive variety of environment which incorporates however is not restricted to group administer to the matured, and individuals with inability and mental offbeat issues. It requires an association to convey a far reaching scope of judiciarys based on the full appraisal that is utilized to require an administration plan. This model likewise concentrates on the decisions and cutpurse of the customers and the order is produced upon it. Case administrators set about arrangements and expert exercises that spill out of specific setting, project and customer populace. normally center procedures to case administration are as per the following screening, evaluation/hazard administration, forethought arranging, executing administrations course of action, observing, checking/assessment and promotion.Assessment in that location are a couple of similarities betwixt the case administration model and the quality ba sed model as it both applauds the needs of the customers. On the off chance that organization show the essential focus is in the preoccupations of the customer as the case administrators urge the customers to go to sex act activities and develop it so the inspiration driving the treatment is accomplished in the midst of gathering time. This model in like manner looks on the customers ability to do things in some degree and will feat to keep up their way of life however much as it dope as they had it originally the contamination and keep an element individualism and bodies to the degree that could sensibly be required to help in the school principal of the treatment. On the different hand there are various potential blocks in this model as the customers wellbeing may lessen due to wellbeing condition and poor environment conditions. Likewise the game plan will need to be changed in view of the conditions went up against by the customers and questionable circumstances.Plannin gThe plan in this model is usually set(p) unlike in strength based model because the clients hobbies and preference are fixed and stable. Therefore the plan will be made for a long term goal to be achieved and it s corporationtily be changed and the plan is not very detailed, its just as optional orientation.CoordinatingIn this model the coordination is between the case double-decker and the client as well as the relationship between other clients who participate in the same activity. Other consideration should be devoted to such as the clients physical ability, elements like economy, climate, and etc. therefore the arraignments should be made in advance.Strengths and weaknesses of the case Management modelThis model is not difficult to be executed as it is focused around the necessity of the clients exercises as per their hobbies. It is great instrument to use to create both the psyche and the physical improvement of the client. The shortcoming of this model is that it could be effortlessly affected by the components like instability of the atmosphere and ecumenic physical state of the client and whatever possible individual issues on the clients part. Additionally this model cant be upgraded as it comes and it can exercise the clients wellbeing and lessening the wellbeing state of the client. About whether as the clients wellbeing abatements a period will come when the client wont fork out the capacity to take an interest in the exercises as the arrangement is not being changed as per the advancement of the client.Perspective o the disability peopleIt is one of the easiest models to use and it can be carried out easily in the clients life because it is based on the clients hobbies and preferences. This model will be continuingly developed during the practice in reality. It plays an in-chief(postnominal) role in the recovery or dealing with the disable people. The potential of the client will be found during the process of the treatment so there is a bright future of this model.Summary of the expected outcomes for the disabledIn this model the clients life is intriguing notice satisfied than before as it focused around the distractions and the inclination of the client. It additionally creates the mental snatch of the client. This model can additionally be utilized to make plans to the nimble recuperation. Then again this model will make the clients rely on upon the others for backing as it wont support clients in discovering an occupation to get by upon.Comparisons of the two modelsThe quality built model primarily centers with respect to the customers qualities and capacities and makes an arrangement based upon that while case administration model concentrates on the leisure activities and inclination of the customers and sways them to go to relative exercises so the motivation ass the treatment is accomplished amid the group time. Then again case administration model is a bit like the quality based models as it both reg ards the needs of the clients. At the point when contrasting the arrangements in the models, the arrangement in the event that administration model is altered upon customers side interests and inclination though in quality based model the arrangement progressions as indicated by the advancement of the treatment. There are contrasts in the coordination part also. The quality based model will require a high coordination between the customer and case director while the case administration model obliges a decent coordination between the customer, case supervisor and alternate customers who are taking an interest in the movement. Customers with a mental objective can utilize quality based model and customers with physical needs can utilize case administration model.

Strategic Management of Honda in Vietnam

St respectgic tensenesssing of Honda in VietnamI PrefaceIn line of merchandise concern today, a familiarity can hold a entire finance, hot technologies but they cant get the success without dandy strategic debatement. A partnership or an organization has total strategic attention. They testament abide by out the methods to manage and develop the fellowship or organization.Strategic Management is a crop refers to the answers of three questionsWhat be your keep companys targets?What is the best way to manage and meet targets requirement?What are the social functions you need in strategic management process?Strategic Management is started from determining the goals of the company, resource and necessary policies to apply the targets which are given. This process also includes how to promote and innovate products or proceeds of the company.In my opinion, Strategic Management with a producing company is a process which includesStrategic in quality management of produ cts, this process dish out a can provide best products to the customers. by it, the company can polish natural clients.Strategic in product management, this process includes auditing, checking and managing financial chore in the swear.Strategic in sales and commercializeing, through this process the company can know about their problem in customers relationship, what they have do hygienic and what they need to change.In my assignment, I have research on bone and 5 forces which refer to strategic management of a producing cable car company. I think that organise and 5 forces are used in a particular industry and prudence and they affect to bank line positioning and policies of Honda that I have researched.II IntroductionIn March 2005, Honda Vietnam has authorized the license of Ministry and Planning and Investment Portal of Vietnam to aloneow Honda produces and assembles cars in Vietnam.This is an pregnant history of Honda Vietnam it marked the development of Hon da Vietnam in Vietnam market. After one stratum and five months, Honda Vietnam has successful built factories and construction agency network. The company has effected the training programs, service and safe driving for employees and agents released first car regulate in August 2006.Since this time, Honda Vietnam is not still known as drive manufactures with product disposition, but also a manufacturer of automotive prestige in Vietnam market. Manufacture of Automobiles Established 2005 Office Phuc Thang, Phuc Yen, Vinh Phuc province. Capital Approximately $ 60 jillion Area 17.000m2 Labor 408 People Capacity 10,000 cars per year self-propelling manufacturing plant is fit with machinery and equipment similar to the Honda plant in other countries with criteria concentrate especi onlyy on quality, safe and friendly environment. Moreover, the plant also is equipped with engine assembly lines with the desired gradual localization of products Cars. In my assignment, I volition f ocus on 2 problems SWOT and 5 forces and pay off up about how it assist decision making and agate line of Honda Vietnam.III SWOT analysisIn this part, I will write about SWOT of Honda Vietnam which used to compare with their competitors in Vietnam market.A, SWOT analysis of Honda Vietnam(S)trengthsVietnam has a colossal population wherefore, Honda has a prominent market to provide cars and recruit employees.Honda has in effect(p) brand in Vietnam market so it helps the company to sell well in Vietnam market.Honda Vietnam concentrates on advanced engineering, steep quality and class conduct safety.Honda always focuses on world-class quality cars, even the smallest accessories.Hondas products (cars) have veracious quality and design. In addition, they have reasonable tolls therefore they will win more customers.Hondas cars have good speed and power but they work through low fuel therefore, it is suitable with Vietnam traffic with more traffic jams. In addition, it contr ibutes to grant minimize pollution.Honda always tries to develop and research new engineering science therefore, they will make their cars better with good speed, power and low fuel.The company has some promotion programs for customers such(prenominal) as Customers who has received Honda Civic will receive VISA Debit card issued by a bank with value is 20 million VND.(W)eaknessesHonda Vietnam focuses on producing and researching motorbike too frequently therefore they cannot spend much time for cars. in that respect are only two models cars that produced by Honda Vietnam, Honda Civic and Honda CRV so the customers have less plectron than others brand.Honda Vietnam has accorded to parent company of Honda in Japan. Honda Vietnam has to flow the policies of Head Company therefore they cannot apply their strategies in Vietnam market that havent allowed by parent company.The first manufacturing plant car of Honda has established in august 2006 therefore Honda Vietnam has less go ste ady than some competitors such as Toyota, Nissan, and so onVietnam is one of countries where have high tax with car therefore, the impairment must be high in Vietnam market.Honda requires a deposit for purchasing cars but Nissan and Toyota dont do that therefore, it is a disadvantages of Honda.(O)pportunities brand of Honda has been created in the pass because motorbike of Honda is very(prenominal) famous in Vietnam market therefore they dont need much time to create brand so, when cars of Honda Vietnam has produced and go to market, the customers will have more trust with this brand. In addition, when Toyota (the biggest competitor of Honda) has many problems and must recall many cars.In the future, with good engine room, Honda can focus on designing and implementing new product with good quality, reasonable price and low fuel.Improving the quality of product, services and customer relationship as well as building caring center for customers.Honda also has opportunities in exp loitation the fuel efficiency according to the increase of energy price.(T)hreatsstinting crisis will affect directly to business status of Honda. It is very sound because, when crisis will make the bad sale and it also affects to Hondas loyal customers.There are many competitors in Vietnam market such as Toyota, Nissan, CuuLong, etc. They try to attract and engage customers therefore, Honda cannot maintain the market.Economic crisis will make the USD charge the value therefore, price of cars of Honda will be charged. It will be unenviable for customers. Honda can lose the market.The government has some policies about increase tax of cars and fuel therefore, it will affect to business status of Honda.IV Five Forces of Honda Vietnam1. Socio-cultural ForcesAnalysis of societal trends is very important because, almost of stakeholders are members of society and some value can bring from society therefore, it creates opportunities and threats of an organization, for poser when a toba cco company makes more pollution, they will be spurned by society therefore their business status will be down. In addition, firm can decrease the risk if they have good relations with society.In my assignment, I have researched and analyzed to understand how social cultural is important and how it affects to Honda Vietnam.Vietnam has nearly 89 million, we have a large market. In addition, the living of people is increasing especially in cities such as Hanoi, Hochiminh city, Danang, etc. therefore, demand of cars is increasing however, traffic in Vietnam is not good therefore it is a difficult thing with customers.Vietnam is a developing society it has many opportunities but also includes threat. Vietnam is socialist country. governmental governing body has made the mechanism only one political party (the communist Party of Vietnam) leadership. This thing will make some difficult things for Honda Vietnam and others companies have remote enthronement. Socio-cultural creates a favorable for business of company. Government of Vietnam treats fairly with all of company. Vietnamese business people always base on part of government with long-time subsidized, therefore, business which always require the helping from government. It is negative thing.Through some law, policies and regulations government has recognized the demand of the company such as Honda wants to decrease tax. It is very good for this company.Social-cultural of Vietnam also creates a fair hawkish therefore, Honda Vietnam will have more than opportunities.Social-cultural forces relate to society and culture problems of Vietnam and how it affects to business status of Honda Vietnam. It also helps Honda Vietnam pay attention to enhance their reputation and long plans.2. Economic forcesEconomic forces include some factors which affect to organization natural process and its performances such as GDP, inflation rate, employment rate, demographic changing, monetary policies and financial market, etc. In my assignment, I will research on Vietnam economy to find out information which influence to Honda Vietnam.Vietnam economic in 2009 was sort of good in the context of global crisis. GDP is increasing with more than 6%. Exports were over 60 Billions USD. Financial and credit systems were quite stable. These things apologize that economy of Vietnam is still quite good therefore Honda Vietnam and many companies will not meet too serious problems.However, inflation of Vietnam was high in 2009 about more than 15%. This thing will influence to Honda Vietnam because this company has to pay high interest rate. In addition, low interest rate will make enthronement efficiency because, they are less pricy to finance.In 2009, Vietnam economy has seen many changing in oil price, monetary and financial. They influence to price of Honda Vietnam product and make the demand of products of customers can be reduced.Besides that, Vietnam and many country depend too much on USD and Vietnam mo netary is not good enough therefore, it makes some difficult things to Honda business such as Honda Vietnam want to sell their product and receive USD because USD price is stable but Vietnamese customers want to profane by VND because, supervene upon rate of USD per VND is too high.Economic forces have many important missions in strategic management of Honda. It helps Honda can monitor and forecast in domestic and event international economic.3. Technological ForcesGood technological creates a new and good product, service and event an industry. applied science includes internet, computers, machines, telephones, and technology innovation, etc. applied science refers to the knowledge of applying, producing and delivering product and service in a country. Vietnam technology is very important with Honda Vietnam because, there are many good technologies Vietnamese proletarian will be advanced and have many knowledge in producing.In recent years, many companies, organizations and c orporate have tried to target more in technology. However, they tried to invest in purchasing and up hardware rather than build good software. In addition, they only buy technology of developed countries rather than produce, renovate and improve, etc.Although invest in to hardware however, about 36% of companies are asked still use the technology from 1980s. This thing is very bad because, Honda Vietnam will meet some difficult problems when they want to build more factories.In addition, the co-ordinate between foreign companies and domestic companies is bad therefore it make the difficult for transferring new technology.Technology is very important with all of industries and Honda Vietnam is not out of this thing. It helps the company to save time and money and participate in several diversenesss of several kind of technology can help the company get more profit.4. Political/Legal ForcesVietnam government has many policies, laws and legalization to protect and undertake for compa nies who has business in Vietnam including domestic and foreign companies. the government guarantees that they will not control and help any private company therefore, it creates a fair free-enterprise(a) market in Vietnam. Vietnam government always encourages the investing to many businesses. In addition, Vietnam has a stable policy. It is an important thing to attract the foreign investment therefore, foreign and domestic investors want to invest more in Vietnam. This thing will be an advantage of Honda Vietnam because they will have more investment to develop their technology, market and business. Vietnam government always applies the same law, policies and legalization with all of companies therefore, it guarantees for Honda can run their business well. Besides that, Vietnam has a large market and it is a good place which Honda can use to join in other markets such as China, Laos, Malaysia, etc. because our geographic is very good and it is easy to transfer product to many cou ntries in Asia, Southeast Asia, ect.5. agonistic ForcesVietnam is an attractive investment therefore, there are many foreign companies invest to produce their product in Vietnam without Honda such as Toyota, Nissan, CuuLong, etc. However, Toyota is the biggest competitors of Honda because they proceed in Vietnam long time ago. They also have good technology and human resource. Their product is good and reasonable price. In addition, Vietnam government guarantees a fair competitive market therefore they will not help any company. Honda must compete by your-self. However, in the beginning of 2010, Toyota has a big problem and they must recall more than 1 million cars. It is a crisis with Toyota but it is also a lucky thing with Honda because Toyota reputation will be down so, if Honda has good strategies, they will control the Vietnam market.In conclusion, competitive forces are very useful in the modern business. It helps the company as Honda can define their SWOT and find out the good way to compete. In addition, it also helps the company can look at the future and event deal with crisis.

The Rise Of Islamic Fundamentalism Politics Essay

The Rise Of Muslim Fundamentalism Politics tryThe emergence of essential and extremist Islamist movements has proved to be the principal consultation of instability in the world. From the 19th century the world has witness to a reawakening of the Muslim world in heterogeneous places as a bequeath of the encounter with Western culture1. The spread out of radical Islamist groups has been influenced by the lead-in ideologues of Moslem fundamentalist thought, Jamal Al Din Al Afghani (1839-1897), Maulana Abul Ali Mawdudi (1903-79) the setoff Amir of the Jamaate-Islami, Ayatollah Khomeini (1909-89) leader of the Islamic Revolutionary Party of Iran, Hassan-al-Banna and Syed Qutb (1906-66) of the Muslim fraternity of Egypt2. These ideologues advocated jihad against non-Islamic societies and severalises and emphasised that political power is indispensable to the establishment of an Islamic articulate. The impressions of Dar-el-Islam and Dar-el-Harb and jihad as advocated by the Islamists envisage a perpetual state of confrontation between Islamic and non-Islamic states.3Though Muslims, like any an another(prenominal)(prenominal) non-Muslim, apply multiple identities religious, ethnic, tribal, linguistic or territorial, the emphasis by the Islamists on the Islamic identity puts them in collision course with the state and other groups. Islamist intellectuals, ulema and activists have been seeking to blur the distinction between Islam as a religion and nationalism. They prop up the Islamic political knowingness by politicising already existing religious traditions and practices and by resisting change and modernisation. The concept of Ummah or Millat is being invoked to abet, support and legitimise the secessionist movements of Muslims living in non-Muslim states.If champion goes by the strict definition of the term Islamic fundamentalism, it stands for a produce to the doctrines of Islam in their original form as were practised in the knightly times. It could also mean idealising the historical past of Islam and calling for a birth to pure and original Islam, which can be achieved through peaceful, lawful, cultural and spiritual means. But in practice, the focus of Islamists has been Islamisation of the state rather than reform of the individuals. It has generated skirmish as the Islamic fundamentalists seek to impose their will through coercion, power and terror. Islamist extremists pose a repugn to the secular and democratic polity, pluristic social tack and inter-religious harmony.With the rise of Taliban to power, Afghanistan became the breeding ground of Islamist terrorism. The Taliban enforced their extremist religious and socio-political docket and turned Afghanistan into the hub of arms, drugs trafficking and world-wideistic terrorism with Osama bin Laden using it as a base of Al Qaida and other Islamist terrorist outfits. The threat posed by Laden and the Taliban to world peace and security was universally recog nised and UN sanctions were impose against the Taliban. Undaunted by international criticism, the Taliban unleashed atrocities against women, children, ethnic-religious minorities and political opponents, thereby deepening the native divide in Afghanistan, besides violating the basic human rights of Afghans. The UN and other international peace initiatives made no headway in the face of ascertain Taliban opposition to share power with rival Afghan groups. Afghanistan remained fractured and turbulent represent great challenge to peace and security in the region. The Taliban rebuffing all international appeals and ignoring widespread international condemnation, not only went ahead with the destruction of the coarse Buddhas of Bamiyan, but even made a public demonstration of their shoot acts4. By destroying the rich and composite historical cultural heritage of Afghanistan, the Taliban want to reaffirm Afghanistans lead economic consumption as a puritan Islamist state in sieme ns and Central Asia and also to set an agenda for radical Islamist forces.Osama bin Laden and his network played a key role in the terrorist attacks in South Asia, Central Asia, Southeast Asia and also in the West. However, it was only after the 9/11 terrorist strikes on World pot Centre and Pentagon that the United States and its Western allies recognised the severity of the challenge posed by Al Qaida and the Taliban. The US garnered sufficient political will to lead the global war against terrorism. The US-led forces have severely mauled the Taliban and the Al Qaida, washed-up much of their military machine and bases. However, both the Taliban and elements of the Al Qaida network facilitate exist and are again growing within Afghanistan and neighbouring Pakistan. Leaders and thousands of supporters of Al Qaida and the Taliban militia have shifted to Pakistan. So ensuring sustainable security and stability in Afghanistan is a great challenge facing the international community. This can be achieved only by total elimination of the Al Qaida network, their supporters, financiers, safe havens and bringing up camps in various parts of the world.METHODOLOGYSTATEMENT OF THE PROBLEMTo give out the reasons of rise of Islamic Fundamentalism in Afghanistan and its threat to the world.hypothesisIslamic Fundamentalism is a global phenomenon and its affects can be felt across frontiers. Afghanistan has become super C head of Islamic fundamentalism. Afghanistan lies in the middle of a region unrest Islamic fundamentalist terrorism. This is one single-largest source of terrorism on the satellite earth, with scope for expansion into Central Asian Region, China, Eastern Europe, South and South East Asia.JUSTIFICATION OF THE STUDYWith the development of modern communications and various connections between the terrorist groups on the increase, the trend of global terrorism is on the increase. Islamic fundamentalism which has been raising its head to support terrorism a s a instrument for its war against the non believers. While all religions have their chauvinists, it is resurgent Islam which somehow appears to be at the forefront of terrorism. Of course there is a secular interpretation of Islam but the vast majority of the Muslims believe that they can be truthful Muslims only if they live in an Islamic state. It is the self perception that uncoiled believers have a God given right to promote the historical relevance of a religion that is behind much of todays global terrorism. In fact Islamic fundamentalists are hypothesising that with the end of the cold war, secularism in their countries is heavy(p) way to their brand of Islam and are presenting themselves as an alternative to westernised rulers.5Afghanistan, which has had a pine turbulent past including a period of erstwhile Soviet occupation, has been taken over by Islamic fundamentalism after a long and acerb conflict between various groups out of which as of late the Taliban has b een the or so successful. The Taliban have been trained in various Deeni Madrasas6and have been indoctrinated to enforce a in truth strict kind of Islamic rule on Afghanistan which is hostile any traditions in that countries much volatile past. Moreover with weapons and infrastructure supplied by the US to fight the Soviet occupation and those left behind by the Soviets gives a chance to the restless youth of Afghanistan to export terrorism with a religious face throughout the world. In view of this, it is quite contingent that Afghanistan will become a major focal point for Islamic terrorists to train and act on the existing non Islamic states with the overt/ cloaked support of Islamic states.SCOPE7. The study would concentrate on the rise of Islamic Fundamentalism in Afghanistan with special reference to Taliban and its effect on the world.METHODS OF entropy COLLECTION8. The study is primarily based on schooling equanimous from books written by prominent Indian, foreign aut hors as well as information available on the internet. The books and periodicals used for the purpose of research have been drawn from the Library of Defence Services rung College (DSSC), Wellington. Other sources of information are articles written in Indian, Pakistani, Western newspapers and news services such(prenominal) as the CNN and BBC as well as some defence journals. A bibliography of the sources is appended at the end of the text. The guidance given by Colonel SK Karwal, the Directing Staff has been of immense value in preparation of this paper. Afghanistan being a very current topic has undergone a series of ups and downs during the course of my preparation of the dissertation. institution OF DISSERTATION9. It is proposed to study the subject under the following heads-(a) Chapter I. Introduction Methodology.(b) Chapter II. The result of Islamic Fundamentalism in Afghanistan.(c) Chapter III. Afghanistan as Source of Terrorism in the Region.(d) Chapter IV. ghostly Intol erance.(e) Chapter V. The Nexus between Drug Trafficking and Terrorism.(e) Chapter VI. The Afghanistan Conflict and Energy Security.(f) Chapter VII. Conclusion.